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Energies 2017,10, 1217
it alsoreduces the fuel consumptionas theenginestays totallyoffduring idlingperiods, forexample,
traffic jams. This feature also reduces theGHGemission. Whenhigher speed isneeded, theHEV
switches to the ICE.The twodrive trainscanalsoworktogether to improve theperformance.Hybrid
power systemsareusedextensively to reduceor to completely remove turbo lag in turbocharged
cars, like theAcuraNSX. It alsoenhancesperformancebyfilling thegapsbetweengear shifts and
providingspeedboostswhenrequired. TheICEcanchargeupthebatteries,HEVscanalsoretrieve
energybymeansof regenerativebraking. Therefore,HEVsareprimarily ICEdrivencars thatusean
electricaldrive train to improvemileageor forperformanceenhancement. Toattain these features,
HEVconfigurationsarebeingwidelyadoptedbycarmanufacturers. Figure4showstheenergyflows
inabasicHEV.Whilestarting thevehicle, the ICEmayrunthemotorasagenerator toproducesome
powerandstore it in thebattery. Passingneedsaboost in speed, therefore the ICEand themotor
bothdrives thepower train.Duringbrakingthepower trainruns themotorasgenerator tocharge
thebatterybyregenerativebraking.Whilecruising, ICEruns theboththevehicleandthemotoras
generator,whichcharges thebattery. Thepowerflowisstoppedoncethevehiclestops. Figure5shows
anexampleofenergymanagementsystemsusedinHEVs. Theonedemonstratedheresplitspower
betweenthe ICEandtheelectricmotor (EM)byconsidering thevehiclespeed,driver’s input, stateof
charge (SOC)ofbattery,andthemotorspeedtoattainmaximumfuelefficiency.
(a) Direction of power flow during starting and when stopped.
(b) Direction of power flow during passing, braking and cruising.
Figure4.PowerflowamongthebasicbuildingblocksofanHEVduringvariousstagesofadrivecycle.
Adaptedfrom[8].
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Emerging Technologies for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
- Title
- Emerging Technologies for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
- Editor
- MDPI
- Location
- Basel
- Date
- 2017
- Language
- English
- License
- CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-03897-191-7
- Size
- 17.0 x 24.4 cm
- Pages
- 376
- Keywords
- electric vehicle, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), energy sources, energy management strategy, energy-storage system, charging technologies, control algorithms, battery, operating scenario, wireless power transfer (WPT)
- Category
- Technik