Page - 11 - in Emerging Technologies for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

Energies 2017,10, 1217 Figure11.Different frontwheeldriveEVconfigurations. (a)Front-wheeldrivevehiclewith theICE replacedbyanelectricmotor; (b)Vehicleconfigurationwith theclutchomitted; (c)Configurationwith motor, gear anddifferential combinedas a singleunit todrive the frontwheels; (d)Configuration with individual motors with fixed fearing for the front wheels to obtain differential action; (e)ModifiedconfigurationofFigure11dwith thefixedgearingarrangementplacedwithin thewheels; (f)Configurationwith themechanicalgearsystemremovedbymountinga low-speedmotoronthe wheel rim.Adaptedfrom[4]. Figure 12. TeslaModel S, rearwheel drive configuration [22,24]. (Reprint with permission [24]; 2017,Tesla). Formorecontrolandpower,all-wheeldrive (AWD)configurationscanalsobeused, thoughit comeswithaddedcost,weightandcomplexity. In thiscase, twomotorscanbeusedtodrive the front andtherearaxles.Anall-wheeldriveconfiguration isshowninFigure13.AWDconfigurationsare 11