Page - 47 - in Emerging Technologies for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

Energies 2017,10, 1217 (c) Figure56.Converterarrangementsasshownin[94]: (a)Cascadedconnection; (b)Parallel connection; (c)Fuelcellwithbatterybackup.Adaptedfrom[94]. Figure 57. Low frequency AC-High frequency AC-DC converter, also called single-stage converter [113]. Figure58.LowfrequencyAC-DC-HighfrequencyAC-DCconverter,alsocalledtwo-stageconverter. Adaptedfrom[113]. Table24.ConverterswithEVapplicationdisplayingtheirkeyfeaturesanduses inEVs. Configuration Reference Operation KeyFeatures ApplicationinEV Buckconverter Bose [92] Stepdown Canoperate in continuousor discontinuousmode Sendingpower to thebattery Buck-Boostconverter Bose [92] Stepupandstepdown Twoquadrantoperation ofchopper Regenerative action InterleavedBoost PFCconverter Williamsonetal. [46] Stepupwithpower factorcorrection Relativelysmall input EMIfilter Charging Bridgeless/Dual BoostPFCConverter Williamsonetal. [46] Stepupwithpower factorcorrection Doesnot requirerectifier inputbridge Charging ZVSFBConverter withCapacitive OutputFilter Williamsonetal. [46] AC-DCconversion Zerovoltageswitching Charging 47