Page - 71 - in Emerging Technologies for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

Energies 2017,10, 1217 TheRenaultZoewas thebest-sellingBEVinEurope in2016,with21,338units sold, followedby theNissanLeafwith18,614units. In thePHEVsegment, theMitsubishiOutlanderPHEVwas the market leader inEurope in2016,with21,333units sold; theVolkswagenPassatGTEheldthesecond positionwith13,330units [193]. Figures78and79showstheBEVandPHEVmarketshares inEurope in2016. Figure78.BEVmarketshares inEurope in2016.Data from[193]. Figure79.PHEVmarketshares inEurope in2016.Data from[193]. 13.TrendsandFutureDevelopments TheadoptionofEVshasopeneddoorsfornewpossibilitiesandwaystoimproveboththevehicles andthesystemsassociatedwith it, thepowersystem, forexample. EVsarebeingconsideredas the futureofvehicles,whereas thesmartgridappears tobe thegridof the future [194,195]. V2Gis the linkbetweenthese twotechnologiesandbothgetbenefittedfromit.WithV2Gcomesotheressential systems required for a sustainableEVscenario—charge scheduling,VPP, smartmeteringetc. The existing charging technologieshave to improvea lot tomakeEVswidely accepted. The charging timehas tobedecreasedextensively formakingEVsmoreflexible.At thesametime, chargersand EVSEshave toable tocommunicatewith thegrid for facilitatingV2G,smartmetering,andifneeded, bidirectional charging [23]. Betterbatteriesareamust to take theEVtechnologyfurther. There isa needforbatteries thatusenon-toxicmaterialsandhavehigherpowerdensity, lesscostandweight, more capacity, andneeds less time to recharge. Though technologiesbetter thanLi-ionhavebeen 71