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Energies 2017,10, 1314
Figure7.Salespriceofbattery I.
3.5.2. Battery II—CostCalculation
Thissectionwillquantify the impactofusingsilicon-basedbatteries,withahigherenergydensity,
comparedto theclassicalNMCcombinedwithgraphite. Thedifferencebetweenthe twoismainly in
thenegativeelectrodewhichusessiliconalloy insteadofgraphite.Manyvarietiesof siliconbased
lithium-ionbatteriesareavailable,however theones inwhichsilicon isusedasanalloyare themost
promising.Asabaseline the followingpatentWO2016089666A1[50]willbeusedformakingasilicon
alloywithhighlifetimeandhighenergydensity. Theexactcalculationof thecompositionof thisactive
material composed fromrawmaterials is shown inTable7. Theother components suchasbinder,
conductiveagentsarekeptconstant. Inrealitydifferentmaterialsarerequired,however inasimilar
quantityandatacomparablecostexplainingwhythesecostarekeptcon.
Tocalculate the total costperkWhofbattery II the increasedenergydensityof thepackshould
be taken into account. For battery I and battery II receptively the following energydensities are
used155Wh/kgand205Wh/kg. This is an increaseof 33%whichcanbeexpected frommaterial
calculations. Siliconhasa10 timeshigher theoretical capacity thangraphite, butamixture isused
as shownby its composition. The cost breakdown is visualized inFigure 8 inwhich thenegative
electrode cost isdecreased from24%forbattery I to 19%forbattery II. Themain impacthowever
comesfromthehigherenergydensityexplainingasignificantly lowercostofsiliconbasedbatteries
comparedtopNMC.Thismakesa total salespriceof456Dollar/kWhcomparedto431dollar/kWh
fromNMC,visualized inFigure9. This is largepricereductionof30%.However it shouldbestated
that thisbattery isnotyetacommercialproductandsomeextraresearchshouldbedoneto increase
its lifetime.
Table7.Anodeactivematerialbattery II—detailed.
Material Amount Price
in2015(kg)
(Dollar)
Si73FeI7C10 0.6 2.76
Graphite 0.128 1.25
Carbonnanotubes 0.16 4.17
Carboxymethylcellulose 0.032 2.96
LiPAA 0.08 11.25
Total 1 22.39
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Emerging Technologies for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
- Title
- Emerging Technologies for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
- Editor
- MDPI
- Location
- Basel
- Date
- 2017
- Language
- English
- License
- CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-03897-191-7
- Size
- 17.0 x 24.4 cm
- Pages
- 376
- Keywords
- electric vehicle, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), energy sources, energy management strategy, energy-storage system, charging technologies, control algorithms, battery, operating scenario, wireless power transfer (WPT)
- Category
- Technik