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Energies 2016,9, 563
over theSOCforvarious temperatures. It is noticeable that the lower theoperating temperatures,
thehigher thedifferencebetweencharginganddischarging.
ȱ
Figure5.ChargeanddischargeOCVcurvesoverSOC.
5.2.DrivingTests on theRealVehicle
Theobjective of a real test is to finda real drivingmaneuver reference signal to validate the
batterymodelperformance. Nevertheless, thebatterymodel shouldbeable to simulate theactual
system in real operating conditions, not merely charging-discharging cycles. Two driving tests
wereperformedwith the testvehicle for thepurposeof investigation thesystemandcollecting the
experimentaldata. The testswereexecutedonthe testinggroundatKarlsruheInstituteofTechnology
(KIT).TheexperimentaldataattainedfromtheCANbusaredisplayedinFiguresA1andA2inthe
AppendixA.2. Then, thedatawereprocessed inMATLAB. In thefirst test, thevehiclewasdriven
inacounterclockwisecirculardirectionforabout230s. Thenthedirectionfordrivingwasreversed
andthe testwasresumed.Avariablepedal inputwas implemented inorder tocoverabroaderrange
ofdata. This test representsanaggressivedrivingscenario, leadingtodischargerateofupto3.4C.
The second testwas implementedby subjecting thevehicle to a sequenceof suddenaccelerations
anddecelerations. These testswereperformed thisway to createhighlyfluctuating signals in the
batterysystem,whichareshowninFigure6. Thedynamicresponsesofbatteryvoltagecanbeusedto
evaluate thebatterymodels,discussedabove.
(a)ȱ (b)
ȱ
(c)ȱ ȱ
(d)
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Figure6.CANbusmeasurements: (a)Batterypackcurrent for thecirculardrivingtest; (b)Batterypack
voltage for thecirculardriving test; (c)Batterypackcurrent for therapidaccelerationanddeceleration
drivingtest; (d)Batterypackvoltage for therapidaccelerationanddecelerationdrivingtest.
132
Emerging Technologies for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
- Title
- Emerging Technologies for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
- Editor
- MDPI
- Location
- Basel
- Date
- 2017
- Language
- English
- License
- CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-03897-191-7
- Size
- 17.0 x 24.4 cm
- Pages
- 376
- Keywords
- electric vehicle, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), energy sources, energy management strategy, energy-storage system, charging technologies, control algorithms, battery, operating scenario, wireless power transfer (WPT)
- Category
- Technik