Page - 143 - in Emerging Technologies for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
Image of the Page - 143 -
Text of the Page - 143 -
energies
Article
DesignandImplementationofaSmartLithium-Ion
BatterySystemwithReal-TimeFaultDiagnosis
CapabilityforElectricVehicles
ZuchangGao1,ChengSiongChin2,*, JoelHayKingChiew1, JunboJia 1 andCaizhiZhang3
1 SchoolofEngineering,TemasekPolytechnic,Singapore529757,Singapore;zuchang@tp.edu.sg (Z.G.);
joelchk@tp.edu.sg (J.H.K.C.); jiajunbo@tp.edu.sg (J.J.)
2 FacultyofScience,AgricultureandEngineering,NewcastleUniversity,NewcastleuponTyneNE17RU,UK
3 SchoolofAutomotiveEngineering,ChongqingUniversity,Chongqing400044,China; czzhang@cqu.edu.cn
* Correspondence: cheng.chin@newcastle.ac.uk;Tel.:+44-65-6908-6013
Received: 13September2017;Accepted: 26September2017;Published: 27September2017
Abstract:Lithium-ionbattery (LIB)powersystemshavebeencommonlyusedforenergystorage in
electricvehicles. However, it isquite challenging to implementa robust real-time faultdiagnosis
andprotection scheme to ensurebattery safety andperformance. Thispaperpresents a resilient
framework for real-time fault diagnosis andprotection in abattery-power system. Basedon the
proposedsystemstructure, theself-initializationschemeforstate-of-charge (SOC)estimationand
the fault-diagnosis schemewere tested and implemented in an actual 12-cell series battery-pack
prototype. The experimental results validated that the proposed system can estimate the SOC,
diagnose the faultandprovidenecessaryprotectionandself-recoveryactionsunder the loadprofile
foranelectricvehicle.
Keywords: lithium-ion;energy-storagesystem; faultdiagnosis;protection;electricvehicle
1. Introduction
Asoneofmanyenergystorage solutions, lithium-ionbatteries (LIBs) areattractingmoreand
more attention from researchers andusers due to their high energy density, high power density,
long lifespan and environmental friendliness [1,2]. The LIBs have been used in energy-storage
applications insolarpanel systemsfromthose thatusea fewkilowatt-hours inresidential systemsto
multi-megawattbatteries ingridpowersystems. Therearealsobroadapplicationsinsomehigh-power
applications such as electric vehicles using large numbers of serial or parallel battery cells [3–8].
However,despitebeingapromisingcandidate forenergystoragesolutions, thesebatteriesare facing
somechallenges, suchasensuringsafeoperationof thebattery-powersystemthatdependson the
accurate state-of-charge (SOC) estimation [9–11]. The safety of the LIB power system is crucial,
especiallywhen thebattery-power systemisgroupedbyaconsiderablenumberofbatterycells in
serialorparallel topology,or inabatterystack, togiveahigherpowerdensity. TheLIBscandeteriorate
if theyare tooperatebeyondthebatteryspecifications [9,10].
The estimations of SOC in the batterymanagement system (BMS) can improve the system
performance and reliability. However, battery discharge and charge involve complex chemical
andphysical processeswhile in operation. It is thereforenot easy to estimate the SOCaccurately
undervariousoperationalconditions [12–14]. ThereareseveralkindsofLIBs in themarket, suchas
thosecontainingLiFeO4, lithiumpolymersandLiCoO2.With thedifferentdynamicbehaviorof the
batteriesandtheir topology, specificSOCalgorithmsaresometimesrequired. Therehavebeenmany
development and researchworks in recent years to improve SOCestimation accuracy [13,15–18].
Firstly, the standardmeasurement-basedestimationapproaches, suchas the coulomb-countingor
Energies 2017,10, 1503;doi:10.3390/en10101503 www.mdpi.com/journal/energies143
Emerging Technologies for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
- Title
- Emerging Technologies for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
- Editor
- MDPI
- Location
- Basel
- Date
- 2017
- Language
- English
- License
- CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-03897-191-7
- Size
- 17.0 x 24.4 cm
- Pages
- 376
- Keywords
- electric vehicle, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), energy sources, energy management strategy, energy-storage system, charging technologies, control algorithms, battery, operating scenario, wireless power transfer (WPT)
- Category
- Technik