Page - 145 - in Emerging Technologies for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

Energies 2017,10, 1503 Therestof thispaper isorganizedas follows: Section2presents thesystemdesignbydifferent modules. It is followedbySection3 thatdealswith the implementationanddemonstrationof the proposedsystemina12Sbattery-packprototype. Finally,Section4concludes thework. 2. ProposedBattery-PowerSystemDesign This section encompasses thedesign anddevelopment of a smart LIB battery-power system for SOCestimation, intelligent fault diagnosis andprotection for a typical energy-storagemodule consistingofa36Vbatterypackmodulewith12-cell seriesLIBs (ANR26650M1-B) thatcanbescaled upto120cells inseries. 2.1. SystemStructureDesign The proposed smart LIB system has three main parts: controller hardware that includes amicrocontroller (MCU)with necessary interfaces andperipherals, embedded software for SOC and fault diagnosis implementation, and a 3.5-inch touchscreen thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display(TFTLCD)asauser interface fordatadisplayandsystemconfiguration. Theoverall system structure is showninFigure1. Figure1.Overall systemarchitectureofproposedsmartbattery-powersystem(LCD: liquid-crystal display,SOC:state-of-charge,CANBUS:controllerareanetworkbus,UART:universalasynchronous receiver-transmitter). Thepower systemperiodicallymeasures thevoltagevalueof eachcell and thebatterypack’s currentandvoltageusingsuitableanalog-to-digital converters (ADCs)andsensors. Thecontroller canperformtheSOCestimationandfault-diagnosisalgorithms inreal-timeusingmeasuredvoltages, currentvalues, temperaturevaluesands theparametersobtainedfromthe touchscreenLCD(suchas thebattery-cellmaterial,battery-cell capacity,battery-cellmaximumdischargedcurrentandbattery topology). TheSOCestimationand faultdiagnosis resultswill bedisplayedon theLCDandsent to the host PC for further processing via a universal asynchronous receiver–transmitter (UART). If the batterypack is grouped intomore than12 cells in series, the controller areanetwork (CAN bus)will communicatewithotherpeersystemsor themastersystem.However, theheatgenerated fromthechargingordischargingswitchesaffects theperformanceof thepowersystemduring the high-currentapplication.Adual-pathswitchingboard isdesignedspecially toseparate thecharging anddischargingpaths todecrease theheatgeneratedfromtheswitches. Inaddition,aphase-change material (PCM)capableofstoringtheheatgeneratedwillbeused. Theheatgenerated isestimatedto bereducedby50%onthedischargingpath. 145