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Energies 2017,10, 1503
regardlessofelectrochemistry. Theyshouldbeequippedwith thecapability todiagnose the faults,
andperformacorrespondingcorrectiveaction. Inaddition, theyneed to carryout a self-recovery
actionafter the fault conditionsareeliminated.
2.3.1. ExternalShort-CircuitFaultDiagnosisofaBatteryPack
Theexternal short-circuit to thepowersystemisacommonfault thathappensduring installation
oruninstallationprocessesof thebattery-powersystem.Dualdiagnosisandprotectionschemesare
designedandimplemented into thesystemtoensure that the fault canbe isolatedreliablyandtimely
withoutaffectingothercomponents. Thehardwaredesignfor theexternal short-circuit canbeseen
inFigure4. Thedualdiagnosisandprotectionschemesconsistof the followinganaloganddigital
diagnosisandprotectionsystems:
(a) Analogdiagnosisandprotectionscheme: thisschemedetects the faultbyaspeciallydesigned
analogcircuit.Once the fault isdetected, thecircuitwill informtheactuator (i.e., theswitching
boardwithin the control board in Figure 1) to carry out the protection action immediately.
Thisavoidspollingtimeof thesoftwarealgorithm.Theoutputsignalwill reset, andthesystem
will recoveronce the fault conditionhasbeeneliminated.
(b) Digitaldiagnosisandprotectionscheme: thismethodperiodicallydetects the faultsbysoftware
polling. Thestrategy isas follows: if thedischargecurrent ismore thantwice thepower-pack
maximum current, Imax, the current will vary across the batteries to enable the external
short-circuit fault tobedetected. TheMCUwillgiveasignal toperformtheprotectionaction.
Thisensures the fault is isolatedeffectivelywhentheanalogdiagnosisandprotectionscheme
doesnotworkproperly. Theoutputsignalwill reset to itsnormalstateonce the fault condition
hasbeeneliminated.Aflowchartof thedigitaldiagnosisandprotectionschemeof theexternal
faultdiagnosis isdepicted inFigure5.
Figure4.Dual-protectionhardwaredesignforexternal short-circuit (ESC) tomicrocontroller (MCU).
148
Emerging Technologies for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
- Title
- Emerging Technologies for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
- Editor
- MDPI
- Location
- Basel
- Date
- 2017
- Language
- English
- License
- CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-03897-191-7
- Size
- 17.0 x 24.4 cm
- Pages
- 376
- Keywords
- electric vehicle, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), energy sources, energy management strategy, energy-storage system, charging technologies, control algorithms, battery, operating scenario, wireless power transfer (WPT)
- Category
- Technik