Page - 225 - in Emerging Technologies for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

Energies 2016,9, 410 CH + VH - CM1 CM2 S1 S2 CL S3 S4 La Lb L1 L2 Q4 Q3 Q2 Q1 CB + VL - + vL1 - + vL2 - + vQ4 - + vQ3 - - vCB + - vQ2 + - vQ1 + + vM1 - + vM2 - iLt iL1 iL2 iQ2 iCB iQ1 iCH iH iQ3iQ4 iLa iCL iCM1 iCM2 Discharge State (a) CH + VH - CM1 CM2 S1 S2 CL S3 S4 La Lb L1 L2 Q4 Q3 Q2 Q1 CB + VL - + vL1 - + vL2 - + vQ4 - + vQ3 - - vCB + - vQ2 + - vQ1 + + vM1 - + vM2 - iLt iL1 iL2 iQ2 iCB iQ1 iCH iH iQ3iQ4 iLa iCL iCM1 iCM2 Discharge State (b) CH + VH - CM1 CM2 S1 S2 CL S3 S4 La Lb L1 L2 Q4 Q3 Q2 Q1 CB + VL - + vL1 - + vL2 - + vQ4 - + vQ3 - - vCB + - vQ2 + - vQ1 + + vM1 - + vM2 - iLt iL1 iL2 iQ2 iCB iQ1 iCH iH iQ3iQ4 iLa iCL iCM1 iCM2 Discharge State (c) Figure10.Equivalentcircuitsof themodesduringdifferent intervals indischargestate: (a)Mode1, Mode3; (b)Mode2; (c)Mode4. 2.2.3.Mode3[t2<tď t3] In thisoperationmode, thecircuitoperation issameasMode1. 2.2.4.Mode4[t3<tď t4] In thisoperationmode, the interval timeis (1´Db)Tsw. For the low-sidestage, switchesQ1,Q3 are turnedoffandQ2,Q4 are turnedon.Theenergystoredin inductorL1 isnowreleasedenergyto charge-pumpcapacitorCB forcompensatingthe lost charges inpreviousmodes. Theoutputpower is suppliedfromthecapacitorCH. Thevoltagesacross inductancesL1 andL2 canberepresentedas: L1 diL1 dt “VM´VCB (9) L2 diL2 dt “VM (10) 225