Page - 242 - in Emerging Technologies for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

energies Article ResearchonControlStrategiesofanOpen-End WindingPermanentMagnetSynchronousDriving Motor (OW-PMSM)-EquippedDualInverterwith aSwitchableWindingModeforElectricVehicles LiangChu1,Yi-fanJia 1,Dong-shengChen1,NanXu1,*,Yan-weiWang1, XinTang1 andZheXu2 1 StateKeyLaboratoryofAutomotiveSimulationandControl, JilinUniversity,Changchun130022,China; chuliang@jlu.edu.cn(L.C.); jiayf16@mails.jlu.edu.cn(Y.-f.J.); chends2313@mails.jlu.edu.cn(D.-s.C.); ywwang15@mails.jlu.edu.cn(Y.-w.W.); tangxin16@mails.jlu.edu.cn(X.T.) 2 R&DCenter,ChinaFAWGroupCorporation,Changchun130011,China;xuzhe1@rdc.faw.com.cn * Correspondence: nanxu@jlu.edu.cn;Tel.:+86-431-8509-5165 AcademicEditor:KingJetTseng Received: 1March2017;Accepted: 27April2017;Published: 2May2017 Abstract:Anopen-endwindingpermanentmagnetsynchronousmotor (PMSM)hasa largerrange ofspeedregulationthannormalPMSMwiththesameDCvoltage,andthecontrolmethodismore flexible. It can alsomanage energydistribution between twopower sourceswithout aDC/DC converter. ThispaperaimsatanelectricvehicleequippedwithOW-PMSMdrivesystemwithdual powersourcesanddual inverters;basedonanalyzingtheexternalcharacteristicsofeachwinding mode,weproposeawindingmodeswitchingstrategywhosetorquesaturationjudgmentalalgorithm, which is insensitive tomotor’sparameters, couldautomaticallyrealizeupswitchingof thewinding mode. Theproposedmulti-level currenthysteresismodulationalgorithmcouldset themajorpower source and switch it at any time in independentmode,which accomplishes energydistribution between twopower sources; its twocontrolmethods, lowswitching frequencymethodandhigh powerdifferencemethod, could achievedifferent energydistribution effects. Simulation results confirmthevalidityandeffectivenessofthewindingmodeswitchingstrategyandcurrentmodulation method. They also show that an electric vehicle under theproposed controlmethodshas better efficiencythanoneequippedwitha traditionalOW-PMSMdrivesystemunder traditionalcontrol. Keywords: energymanagement; electricvehicle;open-endwindingpermanentmagnetsynchronous motor (OW-PMSM);multi-level currenthysteresismodulation;windingmodeswitch 1. Introduction Withmorerigorousdemandsforenergysavingsandenvironmentalprotection in industryand thevigorousdevelopmentofelectricvehiclesdrivenbyelectricmotorsnowadays,PMSMhasbecome the typicalelectricmotor inelectricvehiclesbecauseof itsadvantagessuchashigh-powerdensityand asimplecontrolscheme. Inrecentyears,adrivesystemconstitutinganOW-PMSM(open-endwinding permanentmagnetsynchronousmotor)anddual invertershasreceivedextensiveapplication[1–5]. This system is actuatedvia attachingboth ends ofOW-PMSM’s statorwindingswith an inverter. Comparedto the traditionalY-connectionPMSMdrivesystem, ithasanexpandedspeedrangeanda moreflexiblecontrolmethod[6–13]; thespeedrange is largerwith thesameDCbusvoltage,or the DCbusvoltage reduces byhalfwith the same speed range. Moreover, it allowsdual inverters to useelectricity fromdifferentelectric sourcesand,whenworking inadualelectric sourcescondition, it couldmanageenergydistributionbetweenthe twosourceswithoutaDC/DCconverter [14–16]. Energies 2017,10, 616;doi:10.3390/en10050616 www.mdpi.com/journal/energies242