Page - 744 - in ExtremA 2019 - Aktueller Wissensstand zu Extremereignissen alpiner Naturgefahren in Österreich

© 2020, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783847110927 – ISBN E-Lib: 9783737010924 nismenentwickelt,andenensichÖsterreichaktivbeteiligt. InderVergangenheitwurden inÖsterreichExtremereignissemeistmit nationalenKapazitäten gut bewältigt. InHin- blickaufdieZukunftwerdendennochÜberlegungenangestellt,wiedieVorbereitungauf ExtremereignisseaufgrundvonNaturgefahrennochweiter verbessertwerdenkann. Abstract Extremeeventswhicharecausedbynaturalhazardsoften lead to catastrophicdamages. Thereforeitmightbeassumedthatthereisaclosecorrelationbetweenextremeeventsand disasters.Onthecontrary, theseare twodifferentphenomena that followdifferentviews andassessmentcriteriaandthereforeneedtobedistinguished.Naturalextremeeventsfar awayfromhumancivilizationdonot leadtoeconomicorhumanlossesandthereforeare, by definition, no disasters. On the other hand, not every damage event classified as a disaster according to certaincriteria is causedbyanextremeevent. Themanagement of disasters by state andnon-state actors follows certain rules, proce- dures and principles that are not basically designed for extreme events butmainly for emergencies beyound daily routine. However, intervention mechanisms must also be suitable for theconsequencesofextremeevents and thusbe flexible andscalable.As the extent of damage increases, there are also increasing challenges for the actors involved, such as the appropriateness of interventionsby authorities, an increasedneed for coor- dination and resources and consequently the potential overwhelming of organizations, especiallywith regard to limited resources.This raises thequestionhowgaps inprepar- ednesscanbecompensatedincaseofneed.Inordertobeabletocopewithevenlargescale events,variousinstrumentsareavailableinthestatedisastermanagementsystemthatcan beusedonasubsidiarybasis. Inorder to copewith theconsequencesofextremeevents that exceed the capacities of individual states, cross-border aidmechanisms have been developed in recent decades, in which Austria is also actively involved. On the whole, however,extremeeventswerehandledwellwithnationalcapacities inAustria inthepast. Nevertheless, as we look ahead, it is worth considering how preparations for extreme eventsdue tonaturalhazardscanbe further improved. Kernaussagen – ExtremereignisseundKatastrophensindnicht in jedemFall gleichzusetzen. – Katastrophen im rechtlichen Sinn können auch aus Ereignissen entstehen, die keine Extremereignisse sind. – Das System des staatlichen bzw. des internationalen Katastrophenmangements ori- entiert sich nicht grundsätzlich an Extremereignissen, verfügt aber dennoch über Instrumente,umauchExtremereignissebewältigenzukönnen. KeyPoints – Extremeevents anddisasters arenot the same inanycase. – Disasters in the legal sense canalsoarise fromevents thatarenoextremeevents. – The system of state or international disaster management is not basically oriented towards extreme events, but has instruments to cope even with events that cause extremedamage. Management imKatastrophenschutz744 Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY-NC-ND 4.0