Page - 302 - in Freshwater Microplastics - Emerging Environmental Contaminants?

Plastic-to-fuel pyrolysis, 278 Plasticizers, 4, 35, 168, 234, 258, 275 Plastisphere, 181 Policy instruments, 239 Politicalwill, 114, 116 Polyamides (PA), 8, 61, 71, 95, 167 Polybrominateddiphenyls (PBDEs), 276 Poly(ε-caprolactam), 62 Polycarbonates (PC), 3, 8, 12, 56, 167, 275 Polychlorinatedbiphenyls (PCBs), 9, 10, 169 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), 10 Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), 32 Polyesters, 4, 61, 112, 113 Polyethylene (PE), 2, 3, 8, 10, 29, 59, 87, 101, 106–118, 128, 131, 164, 189, 275, 287 Polyethylene glycol, 62 Polyethylene imine, 37 Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), 3, 55, 186 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), 4, 287 Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), 190 Polyhydroxybutyrate-polyhydroxyvalerate (PHBV), 190 Polylactides (PLA), 3, 4, 8, 287 Polymers, 1 Polypropylene(PP),3,8,9,29,62,71,87,101, 112, 113, 128, 131, 165, 188, 278 Polysaccharides, 4, 165, 171, 188 Polystyrene (PS), 2, 3, 8, 29, 59, 89, 128, 131, 155, 192, 276 Polyurethane (PUR), 3, 12, 15, 89, 112, 113 Polyvinylchloride (PVC),3,12,29,32,55,59, 87–89, 94, 131, 164, 167–169, 275 Pomatoschistusmicrops, 169 Potamopyrgus antipodarum, 157, 167 Precautionaryprinciple, 241 Predators, 155 Predicted environmental concentration (PEC), 15 Preservatives, 32 Problemstructuring, 223 Producer responsibility, 273 Pseudomonasaeruginosa, 186 Public awareness, 117 Public participation, 203 R Ramanspectroscopy,31,41,57,63,93,95,194 Rapid environmental assessment (REA), 115 Raptorial feeders, 155 REACH,30, 240, 251 Recycling, 6, 42, 55, 86, 103, 115, 183, 190, 210, 233, 240–268, 273, 281–291 Regulations, 239 Reuse, 103, 115, 243, 273, 290 Rhineriver (Germany),6,59,88,126,131,138 Rhoˆne, 59, 126 Risks, assessment, 223 decision-making, 229 perception, 203, 205 RiverSeine, 78 Riverine pollution, 2 Roadside ditches, 7 Ropes, 277 Runoffwater, 69–80, 110, 118, 126–141, 259 Rwanda, 106 S St.LawrenceRiver, 126 Sampling, 10, 52, 142, 169, 256, 263 standardization, 263 SargassoSea, 208, 274 Scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM), 56 Scenedesmusobliquus, 164, 192 Science–policy interface, 239 Scrapers, 155 Seabirds, 101, 107, 208 Secondary ionmass spectrometry (SIMS), 195 Sediments, sampling, 53 SeineRiver, 70, 78, 88, 102, 131 Sensitizers, 4 Shredders, 155 Shrimp, 165 Silicone rubber, 101, 112, 113 SilingCobasin, 88, 93, 94 Silver (Ag), 29 Singidia tilapia (Oreochromis esculentus), 111 Skeletonemacostatum, 164 Social ecology, 223 Sorption, 9, 32, 275 Sources, 1, 27, 279 SouthAfrica, 101, 106 Sphaeriumcorneum, 155 Stabilizers, 4, 9, 168 Stakeholders, 273 involvement, 203 Sub-micrometer plastics, 13 Suction feeders, 154 Surfactants, 4, 32 Suspendedparticulatematter (SPM), 155, 259 Suspendedsolids, 128,130,140,153,167,174 302 Index