Page - 359 - in Glaubenskämpfe - Katholiken und Gewalt im 19. Jahrhundert

359English Abstracts Empire’s many conflicts over nationality  – though both the villagers and the priests they attacked were Slovenian-speaking  – or as evidence of local anti-Catholic sentiment. Both narratives failed to appreciate the local causes underlying the dispute. Mary Vincent »To Be Consumed in Suffering for His Love«: Violence, Religion and Counterrevolution in Restoration Spain This chapter examines the coalescence of counterrevolutionary Integrism in Restoration Spain, which rested on the belief that religious questions under- lay all other issues and revealed itself in political as well as theological think- ing and in specific devotional forms. The origins of the political revolution thus propagated was, then, not political at all; instead, the struggle was escha- tological and its origin satanic. Theorists such as Joseph de Maistre and Juan Donoso Cortés developed theories of sacrificial violence that transformed Spaniards’ contemporary theological imagination. Expiatory cults promul- gated the notion of »mystical substitution« whereby individual suffering was given freely for the salvation of other sorrow. Furthermore, the cult of the Sacred Heart became the main vehicle for integrist Catholicism, particularly after Margaret Mary Alacoque’s beatification in 1864. This chapter concludes with the emergence of a violent anticlerical praxis in Spain. Iconoclastic vio- lence only became murderous in civil war, i.e. in the twentieth century, but before that it had long served as »proof« of the satanic enemy and the cosmo- logical nature of the underpinning struggle.