Page - 115 - in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

I dimposed   =  I qimposed ⋅ cos  ( θ ) ______sin  ( θ ) (4) For the ideal machine, θ is in the range 0–90° and gives best performance at 45°. For a real machine, it has to be computed by varying its value and observing the performance of the machine for each angle step. 3. Simulation of a hybrid electric vehicle with the ISAB system In order to study the electrical machines in ISAB applications, the electric drive model can be introduced and simulated in the Advanced Modelling Environment for perform- ing Simulation (AMESim). AMESim is a multi-domain simulation software for the model- ling and analysis of one-dimensional (1D) systems. In this program, each component or physical phenomenon is described by differential equations, type formulation in which the major variable is the time [31]. This approach is different from the partial derivate equa- tions formulation, which formalizes the notion of the distribution of system properties in space. The representation of a dynamic system starting from the notion of “multiport” consists of highlighting the energy exchanges between a component and its environment through the connecting ports. The connection of two or more components through the port allows port exchange power (electrical, mechanical, etc.) according to the adopted sign convention. For automotive applications, the program comprises discrete components of the ICE, gear- box, control system, electric loads, electrical machine and power inverter, connected together to form a global model of a hybrid electric vehicle. The geometrical and electrical parameters of electrical machine considered for ISAB (SynRM) and BSAB (PMSMOR) application are presented in Table 1. The configuration of PMSMOR is a three-phase machine with 36 slots and 15 poles, and the SynRM topology is a three-phase machine with 27 slots and 4 poles. The dimension of PMSMOR has been imposed according to Ref. [32] (data chosen for belt brushless alternator). The simulation of the BSAB and ISAB is carried out on a New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). A driving cycle is a series of points defining a speed profile that the studied vehicle must follow [33]. The defined speed profile simulates most common operating modes of an automobile (frequent acceleration and deceleration, load variations and speed variations) and corresponds to both urban and extra-urban environments. The parameters and the profile of NEDC are presented in Table 2 and Figure 8, respectively. The model takes into account the most complex thermodynamic phenomena occurring in a heat engine. In the initial implementation, the starter and alternator were a DC permanent magnets machine and the Lundell generator, respectively. The model has been replaced by the studied model and is shown earlier (PMSMOR/SynR). The motors are powered from a battery through the converter DC/DC that will operate in this case as a boost converter. The evaluation of the performance of PMSMOR and SynRM was started from a demonstration model in AMESim of a compact car category (see Figures 9 and 10) with a compression-ignition Performance Analysis of an Integrated Starter-Alternator-Booster for Hybrid Electric Vehicles http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.68861 115