Page - 284 - in Österreich-Ungarns imperiale Herausforderungen - Nationalismen und Rivalitäten im Habsburgerreich um 1900

© 2020, V&R unipress GmbH, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783847110606 – ISBN E-Lib: 9783737010603 respectingdynasticloyalty.Aftermuchquarrelling,April11wasmaintainedbut manycities andschoolsorganized theirownfestivitiesonMarch15.30 Following this, the 1908 jubilee was deemed to be particularly significant: politically itwasmarkedby theannexationofBosniaandHerzegovinaseenasa ‘present’made to theemperor.Onthe levelofpubliccommemorationall cities emulatedinpreparingprogramstohonor thesovereign.Actually themainpart of thecelebrationswasheldinCisleithania;Hungariancitiesdidcommemorate butthegovernmentdidwantthejubileetobeaparticularevent. Inthepressthe dates relatedto theking(hisbirthdayonAugust18th, namedayonOctober4th, anddateofaccesstothethroneonDecember2nd)neveroccupiedthefrontpage; the celebrations held inViennaweremerelymentioned in the news; the local festivities were of course reported but they concerned mostly the civil and military authoritieswithout conferring a significant role to the citizens. Since manyof theminoritiesof theHungariankingdomwerecontesting thenational agenda imposed by the government theymade regular appeals to the king to intervene: thus therewas no zeal to celebrate the dynasty. Francis Josephwas respectedbutnotcompletely forgivenforhisroleinthesuppressionofthe1848 Revolution.ThesubordinationofHungarytoAustriawasthereforenotwillingly recalled.Hungarianspreferredtoinsistontheirownachievements insideof the monarchy.Only in townswhere theGermanminoritywas stillmeaningful did the attachment for the dynasty play an important role: on the first place in Pozsony,butalso inTemesv#r.TheHungarianauthoritieshadtocopewiththis andcompliedbydoing theirdutybut theyorganizedat the same timeenough events exaltingHungarianhistoricalmemory.Themunicipalities composedof GermansandHungarians functionedalong thisbalancedpolicy. Inothercities theminoritywasoftenmore faithfulorat least eager todem- onstrate its loyalty: itwas the casewith Slovenes inTrieste andRuthenians in Lemberg.FrancisJoseph’svisit toLembergin1880coincidedwithtwo‘parallel’ celebrations, ifwe acceptHan#k’s terms:Ruthenians commemorated the cen- tenary of Joseph II’s accession to the throne and the subsequent abolition of serfdom; Poles had their own agenda with the commemoration of the 1830 Revolution. The latter wanted to combine “loyalism andpromotion of Polish nationalinterests.”31HoweverneitherPolesnorRutheniansmanagedtospeakin 30 P8ter Han#k, 1898. A nemzeti 8s az #llampatrijta 8rt8krend front#lis ütköz8se aMonar- chi#ban[1898.Brutalconfrontationofnationalandstatepatriotismvaluesinthemonarchy], in: id.,Akert8samu˝helyBudapest1999,p. 91.PublishedinGerman:DieParallelaktionvon 1898. Fünfzig Jahre ungarischeRevolutionund fünfzigjährigesRegierungsjubiläumFranz Josephs, in:ÖsterreichischeOsthefte1985,p. 366–380. 31 Daniel Unowsky, Celebrating two Emperors and a Revolution. The Public Contest to Re- present the Polish andRuthenianNations in 1880, in: Laurence Cole/Daniel L. Unowsky CatherineHorel284