Page - 291 - in Österreich-Ungarns imperiale Herausforderungen - Nationalismen und Rivalitäten im Habsburgerreich um 1900

© 2020, V&R unipress GmbH, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783847110606 – ISBN E-Lib: 9783737010603 dimensionof theoccupationandthenannexationof theprovinceswasobvious butyetnot identical towhatthecolonialpowersundertookoverseas.Firstofall thepopulationsofBosniaandHerzegovinawerenot really foreign to themon- archybecauseSerbsandCroatslivedelsewhereontheterritoryandneithertheir languagesnorreligionswereunknowntothedynasty;eventheMuslims,foreign as far as the religionwas concerned, spokeSerbo-Croatian andwere therefore able to communicate directly with the authorities.51Economic priorities were not put forward but there was indeed a will to modernize and develop the provinces by linking them to the rest of themonarchy by rail, starting their industrialization and exploiting their agricultural resources. Themilitary di- mension of the occupation remained a key element of the Austro-Hungarian administration and was resented as such by many. All these initiatives were hindereduntil theannexationof1908by thestatuteofBosniaandHerzegovina that were still under formal domination of the Sultan. That is also why the emperorcouldnotvisitaterritorynotyetbelongingtohislands.Themovement toward greater integration and one could say ‘colonization’ of the provinces startedreally in1908andwas stoppedby theoutbreakof thewar. Oneof the instrumentsof thisdiscoursewas theLandesmuseum (Zemaljski muzej)createdinordertoshowthediversityoftheprovincesandtheircommon culturalheritagelinkedtoarcheologicalandhistoricalpastoftheentireregion.A museographical Society for Bosnia and Herzegovina (Muzejskog drusˇtvaza Bosnu IHercegovinu) was founded as soon as 1884with the aimof collecting objectsforthefuturemuseum.ItwasanindividualinitiativeoflocaldoctorJulije Makanec aroundwhomgathered some civil servants and themayor joined as well.Theeliteof the townwasenthusiasticabout theendeavorandparticipated actively inthesearchformaterial toenrichthemuseum.In1886theassociation hadnearly400members.52ThechairmanoftheassociationwasKostaHörmann, adoctorandalsocivilservantofthelocalgovernment.Heservedasthemuseum first directoruntil 1904.Themuseumwasput in1888under the control of the localgovernment for itwas theonlypossibility to finance itsactivitieswiththe perspectiveofbuildinganappropriate edifice to accommodate thecollections. C´iroTruhelka (1865–1942)whowas a local scholar and a trained archeologist quicklybecametheperson inchargeof theconcretizationof theprojectonthe scientific level.Hewas logicallyappointeddirectorof themuseumin1905.The aimof themuseumwastoenhancethearcheological resourcesof theprovinces by showing a transnational heritage anterior to theOttoman invasion; but it 51 Ontheprocessof identification inBosnia-Herzegovina, seeEdinHajdarpasˇic´,WhoseBos- nia?NationalismandPolitical Imagination intheBalkans,1840–1914, Ithaca2015. 52 Oliver Bagaric´, Museumund nationale Identitäten: eine Geschichte des Landesmuseums Sarajevo, in: Südost-Forschungen67(2008),p. 144–167,herep.151. ImperialChallenges inAustro-HungarianMulticulturalCities 291