Page - 84 - in Intelligent Environments 2019 - Workshop Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Intelligent Environments

Both surface temperatures and air temperatures were calculated in this approach. Regarding, the static approach surface temperatures were inputted while air temperatures were calculated. The surface temperatures were accordingly calculated through an urban energy balance model (see, chapter two) assuming constant air temperatures. This means that pick surface temperatures were overestimated because pick air temperatures were underestimated as this was averaged. 5. Real urban environments 5.1. Simulation setup Figure 6. Aerial pictures of Shimbashi (left) and Minamidai (right), Business and residential neighbourhoods respectively in Minato-ku and Nakano-ku, Tokyo, Japan (source Google Earth). Two numerical domains were set for Shimbashi, a business district and Minamidai, a residential district. Both domains’ sizes are 500 metres x 500 metres x 500 metres along x, y and z-axes. The grid resolution was set at 5 metres x 5 metres x 5 metres. In this business district, the domain took into account 506 buildings from one-storey to fourteen storey-buildings, which are assumed to be mainly built with concrete. Roofs are 19cm thick and they are composed from four different layers from inside to outside, plaster, glass wool, concrete and tile. Walls are 17 cm thick and they are composed of three different layers from inside to outside plaster, glass wool and concrete. All windows are made from 8 mm double-glazing and the urban ground is one metre thick. Overall window to wall ratio was set at 0.3, AC per floor area ratio of 1, a COP of 1 and sensible heat ratio of 0.1. Indoor room conditions are averaged per square metre for any season any time and set as follows. Fixed room temperature at 22°C, relative humidity 50% and ventilation rate of 0.5 ACH and room latent heat set at 0 W/m 2 . In this residential district, the domain took into account 673 buildings from two-storey buildings to nine storey-buildings, which are assumed to be in majority built with wood. Roofs are 11cm thick and they are composed from five different layers from inside to outside, plaster, glass wool, asphalt, wood board and tile. Walls are 8 cm thick and they are composed of three different layers from inside to outside plaster, glass wool and plywood. All windows are made from 3 mm simple glazing and the urban ground is one metre thick. Overall window to wall ratio was set at 0.3, AC per floor area ratio of 1, a COP of 3 and sensible heat ratio of 1. Indoor room conditions are averaged per square metre for any season any time and set as follows. Fixed room temperature at 22°C, relative humidity 50% and ventilation rate of 0.5 ACH and room latent heat set at 0 W/m 2 . However, room sensible heat and heat contributions from hot M.Bakkali andY.Ashie /RANSModelling forLocalClimates,EnergyUseandComfortPredictions84