Page - 179 - in Intelligent Environments 2019 - Workshop Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Intelligent Environments

Conditioningset StatementaboutM,D Degreeof Interoperability,P(D) Z= /0 d-connected, i.e. M,D are dependent, see equations3,4 P(D=1)=P(M=Mop) Z={P} d-connected, i.e. conditioning on the dis- patcher keeps M,D dependent, see equa- tions3,4 P(D=1)=P(M=Mop) Z={M′} d-separated, M,D are independent, M′ de- termines interoperability, seeequation5 P(D=1 |M′=R,M)=1 Z={P,M′} d-separated, i.e. conditioning on the dis- patcher has no effect, ifM′ ∈Z.M andD remain independent, seeequation5 P(D=1 |M′=R,M)=1 Table2. Summaryofd-separationanalysis tomeasure thedegreeof interoperability Asanext stepweplan toextend the relationsourcausalmodel spansacrossvarious message processing components.Apromising tool to apply is the do()-calculus. It en- ablesqueriesoncausalmodels andallowsus toquantify interoperablebehavior inmore detail. References [1] A.Al-Fuqaha,M.Guizani,M.Mohammadi,M.Aledhari,andM.Ayyash,“InternetofThings:ASurvey onEnablingTechnologies,Protocols, andApplications,” IEEECommunicationsSurveysandTutorials, vol. 17,pp.2347–2376, June2015. [2] D.Miorandi, S. Sicari, F. D. Pellegrini, and I. Chlamtac, “Internet of things:Vision, applications and researchchallenges,”AdHocNetworks, vol. 10,pp.1497–1516,April 2012. [3] M.Noura,M.Atiquzzaman, andM.Gaedke, “Interoperability in Internet of Things: Taxonomies and OpenChallenges,”MobileNetworksandApplications, July2018. [4] A.Gluhak, S.Krco,M.Nati,D. Pfisterer,N.Mitton, andT.Razafindralambo, “ASurveyonFacilities for Experimental Internet of ThingsResearch,” IEEECommunicationsMagazine, vol. 49, pp. 58–67, November2011. [5] B. Ahlgren,M. Hidell, and E. C.-H. Ngai, “Internet of Things for Smart Cities: Interoperability and OpenData,” IEEEInternetComputing, vol. 20,pp.52–56,December2016. [6] V.Peristeras andK.A.Tarabanis, “TheConnection,Communication,Consolidation,Collaboration In- teroperability Framework (C4IF) For Information Systems Interoperability,” IBIS, vol. 1, pp. 61–72, 2006. [7] G.Hatzivasilis, I.G.Askoxylakis,G.Alexandris,D.Anicic,A.Bro¨ring,V.Kulkarni,K.Fysarakis, and G.Spanoudakis, “TheInteroperabilityofThings: Interoperable solutionsasanenabler for IoTandWeb 3.0,” in23rdIEEEInternationalWorkshoponComputerAidedModelingandDesignofCommunication LinksandNetworks,CAMAD2018,Barcelona,Spain, pp.1–7,September2018. [8] N. Ide and J. Pustejovsky, “WhatDoes InteroperabilityMean ,Anyway?TowardanOperationalDefi- nitionof Interoperability forLanguageTechnology,”2010. [9] “IEEEStandardComputerDictionary:ACompilation of IEEEStandardComputerGlossaries,” IEEE Std610, pp.1–217, Jan1991. [10] N.L.Tsilas, “OpenInnovationandInteroperability,” inOpeningstandards:Theglobalpoliticsof inter- operability (L.DeNardis, ed.), pp.97–117,Cambridge,MA,USA:MITPress, 2011. [11] NATO,“NATOC3TechnicalArchitectureNC3TA),” tech. rep., 2003. [12] D.P.BrutzmanandA.Tolk, “JSBcomposability andwebservices interoperabilityvia extensiblemod- eling&simulation framework (XMSF) andmodel driven architecture (MDA),”Proceedings of SPIE - The InternationalSociety forOpticalEngineering, 082004. [13] IDABC,“European InteroperabilityFramework,” tech. rep., 2004. [14] B.Medjahed, SemanticWebEnabledComposition ofWeb Services. PhD thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute,FallsChurch,2004. [15] J.Pearl,M.Glymour, andN. Jewell,Causal Inference inStatistics:APrimer. Wiley,2016. S. Kotstein and C. Decker /AnApproach for Measuring IoT Interoperability 179