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4. Terminology There is a lack of standard definitions for the terms used in smart housewelfare tech- nology for the ageing. Inmost research, the terms ambient assisted living (AAL), smart houses, home automation, welfare technology, ambient intelligence, and others have beenused interchangeably. However, in the area of healthcare, the definition of terms is essential for them. A possible reason could be the use of theMeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms. As defined in [28], “MeSHis theNationalLibraryofMedicine’scontrolledvocabulary the- saurus, used for indexing articles for theMEDLINE/PubMEDdatabase”,whichmeans thatmost article citation is related to a specific set ofMeSH terms. The purpose of the MeSH terms is to focus on relevant citationswhendoing a search of literature. In con- trast, keywords searchdoesnotnarrowdownthemost relevant citations ina search. The term’s definition is the first difference between technology and the healthcare field.Thus,whilehealthcare researchgenerally focuses itsworkwithMeSHterm, those working in technologyuse typicallykeywords. In this section, themost common terms aredefined toprovideaguideon themean- ing of the following concepts:welfare technology,AAL, smart house, activity recogni- tion, andbehaviourmodelling. 4.1. WelfareTechnology InNordic countries, the termwelfare technology is commonly referred to as the typeof technologyused to control the environment, safety, andgeneralwell-being of the older or disabled people [29]. The goal is to provide the older personwith the option to live as long as possible in their own home. Asmentioned in the introduction, the Nordic countries facedemographicchallengeswith thegrowingolderpopulation.Thus,welfare technologyseems theoptimal solution to this challenge. The term“welfare technology”, as it is, cannotbe found inMeSH.Rather, the term “welfare” comprises child, animal, social, andmaternal. Therefore, although welfare technologyhaswidelybeenused in the technologyfield, healthcare sciencehas not yet introducedproperdefinition throughMeSHfor it. 4.2. AmbientAssistedLiving Asdefined byRashidi, “Assisted living technologies based on ambient intelligence are called ambient-assisted living (AAL) tools” [30]. This term yet implies defining ambi- ent intelligence, which refers to digital environments that are sensitive, adaptive, and responsive tohumanneeds [31]. AALis thus regardedasanumbrella term formostwelfare technologyused tohelp older people.Ranging frompill reminders [32], improving safety in general, fall detec- tion systems, houseautomation,monitoring suchasvideo surveillance, andactivitiesof daily life (ADL) recognition. AlthoughAALdoesnot appear inMeSH, twoother terms are found.Thefirst, “as- sisted living facilities” is definedas“ahousingandhealthcare alternativecombining in- dependencewithpersonal care. It provides a combinationofhousing, personalized sup- portiveservicesandhealthcaredesigned tomeet theneeds,bothscheduledandunsched- uled,of thosewhoneedhelpwithactivitiesofdaily living”. V.G.Sanchez /WelfareTechnology,Healthcare,andBehaviourModelling–AnAnalysis 299