Page - 381 - in Intelligent Environments 2019 - Workshop Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Intelligent Environments

parallel, a replacement flight crew was flown in as passengers on a scheduled flight from PCF to BOM in order to replace the delayed crew on the flight part from CDG to PCF. The central question therefore is how well the outcome of the agent-based modelling and simulation of the AOC center compared to the expert panel in finding a best solution? Having built a good understanding of the roles and responsibilities of each agent in the considered scenario, various rules were assigned to different agents. These rules are either based on established airline policies P1-P3 [10] or the proposed multi-agent negotiation policy P4. Complementary to this, operational workflows from a European airline were used [11] to identify the different kinds of technical systems being used in case of a mechanical breakdown, the interactions of agents with these systems, and decision-making rules for each agent. Figure 1 shows how the workflow would look if agents follow policy P4. Figure 1. Operational Workflow Corresponding to the two phase multi-agent negotiation protocol P4. 3.2. Agent-based modelling environment LEADSTO To implement agent interaction rules we made use of the LEADSTO simulation environment [12,13] using the formal ontology presented in Appendix A. LEADSTO proved its value in a number of projects in multi-agent systems research (e.g. in the areas of emergency response, organizational modelling, and behavioural dynamics [14-16]. In LEADSTO, one can specify both qualitative and quantitative aspects of complex socio- technical systems using the Temporal Trace Language (TTL). TTL has the semantics of order-sorted predicate logic (Manzano 1996) that is defined by a rich ontological base including sorts, predicates, and variables. Relationships between system components can be expressed in a straightforward way. This provides wide means for the conceptualization of the airline disruption management domain. In addition, TTL is an extension of the standard multi-sorted predicate logic in the sense that it has explicit facilities to represent dynamic (temporal) properties of systems. Such a temporal expressivity is particularly important for the representation and analysis of processes over time. S.Bouarfaetal. /AMulti-AgentNegotiationApproach forAirlineOperationControl 381