Page - 147 - in JRFM - Journal Religion Film Media, Volume 07/01

Reading The Book of Joseph | 147www.jrfm.eu 2021, 7/1, 145–171 written forms to all possible cultural expressions, such as films and digital games.2 The related term “intermediality” denotes the narrative complex between different media, in the case of Far Cry 5 between film, book and video game.3 The communication-oriented method focuses on the various levels of com- munication between senders and receivers (figure 1).4 Three levels have to be distinguished: • the level of the historical, i. e. real, author outside the text (RA), the one(s) who produced the physical text, and the historical, i. e. real, reader outside the text (RR), the one(s) who read the physical text either in the past or in the present day. • the level of the text-immanent author (TIA), the director in the text, and the text-immanent reader (TIR), the ideal reader in the text. • the level of the characters (C), the stage on which they, as actors, per- form. The following scheme outlines these three communication layers. The Real Author (RA) and the Read Reader (RR) are situated outside the text. By using the text, they communicate, but the text does not provide access to them. In the text we find the stage on which the characters perform (C a , C b , etc.). Characters communicate with each other, both verbally, by means of direct speech, and non-verbally. Characters, however, do not perform on their own initiative. A position in the text determines when a character is allowed to perform on the scene. This position is called the Text-Immanent Author (TIA). The text-immanent author communicates with the Text-Imma- 2 Kristeva 1980. 3 Elleström 2010. 4 See especially van Wieringen 2020. Fig. 1: Table providing an overview of the various communicative levels in texts.