Page - 194 - in Das linearbandkeramische Gräberfeld von Kleinhadersdorf

Christine Neugebauer-Maresch, Eva Lenneis194 arrowheads and a rather large and varied amount of ceram- ics. The higher numbers of grindstones and bone artefacts in the male than in the female and children’s graves of Kleinha- dersdorf seems to be a more local phenomenon. The pre- served equipment of the 10 female graves shows less variety and lower amounts of the different items (Abb.  30–32). Four of them don’t have any preserved grave goods, which is in clear contrast to their provision with valuable ornaments (see later) as well as to women, who were much more richly supplied with durable goods in other LBK graveyards (e.  g. in Thuringia and Saxonia). The number and proportion of children (incl. juveniles) in Kleinhadersdorf is unusually high (18); 10 of them were very small at death (infans I – un- der 6 years old).The preserved grave goods of the children, especially of the small ones, are above average for LBK graves, and the proportion of children supplied with pol- ished stone adzes (55.5  %) is one of the highest known from LBK cemeteries. The greatest part of the grave goods consists of the pot- tery, as is usual in LBK graveyards. Nevertheless only 50  % of the grave pits contained ceramics, while, for the inhuma- tions, the percentage is slightly higher (52.6   % – Tabelle 14, 15). The ceramic findings consist of nearly complete grave vessels, mostly from the bottom of the graves, and ceramic fragments, from the burial and the pit fills. The sherds have been put together to vessel units and registered that way with a numerical code as practised for settlement invento- ries before (see chapter 9.3 and 9.4). We did typological analyses (Tabelle 16, 17; Abb.  33–35) as well as seriation with the WinSerion 1.26 Beta Program by Peter Stadler (Abb.  36, 37). Typologically the oldest vessels come from the transitional phase of Oldest to the Younger LBK in Aus- tria. By far, the majority of the ceramic findings show the characteristic decoration of the so-called ‘Notenkopf’ (or ‘music-note’ style). The majority of sherds are very similar to the Moravian pottery of LBK Phase II a, while fewer sherds show typical elements of the Moravian phase LBK II b and LBK II c. They gave the possibility to distinguish use of the cemetery in the second (LBK II a) and third phases (LBK II b+c; Abb.  38). Within the pottery of the latest phase of the cemetery (Moravian phase LBK III), some vessels show decorations with traits of the Šárka-group, others with characteristics of the Želiezovce-group, indicating connections to the W/NW (NW-Moravia, Bohemia) and to the E/NE (Slovakia, S-Poland). These connections are even more impressive when the provenance of the stone raw materials is considered. Inna Mateiciucová did an extensive analysis of the 25 chipped stone artefacts, which show striking similarities to the relevant objects of the Vedrovice cemetery. Most of the artefacts are Jurassic silicites of the Krakow-Czestochowa highlands; some are Szentgál radiolarites and others repre- sent cherts of Krumlovský Les in SW Moravia (Tabelle 19; Abb.  40). As in Vedrovice, there are two groups of artefacts: blades and blade fragments serving as universal knives (Ta- belle 22) and trapezoidal microlithics, which are interpreted as arrowheads (Tabelle 21). There are different kinds of raw materials used for the heavy tools of green-stone. The 20 adzes are all made of high quality kinds of amphibolite (Tabelle 24; Abb.  41, 42; Tafel 59). M. Götzinger found out that their region of origin must lie in the Iser mountains of northern Bohemia. All items had been used, some of them even show heavy damages, making 25  % of them useless (Tabelle 25). The axes were made of significantly different raw materials, with their region of origin indeterminate until now (Tabelle 26). The high number of 20 grinding stones seems to be a speciality of the Kleinhadersdorf graveyard (Tabelle 27; Abb.  43, 44). There are some rather thin (2–3  cm) grinding stones, which never could have served for grinding grain; there are also many broken parts of former quernstones. Most of the thin grinding plates are of local very fine sand- stone, but the fragments of the former quern stones are made of different high quality materials. Few of them might have come from central Bohemia. There are very few bone artefacts such as five awls, mainly made from bone and antler of roe and deer (Tabelle 29; Abb.  46). The most exceptional find is a pair of boar’s tusk, belonging to one of the most richly equipped men (Verf. 81 – Tafel 50, 51, 61). 18 graves (33  %) contained personal ornaments of dif- ferent materials (Abb.  47; Tafel 59, 62). Ornaments on the head are proven for only two children’s graves. There is one pearl of Dentalium (Verf. 67-1) and 124 small snail-shells of Lithoglyphus naticoides (Verf. 26). Special investigations by M. Harzhauser (chapter 5.3.3 and Tabelle 33; Abb.  49–51) showed, that these small snail-shells had been selected, with the perforation done by careful grinding techniques for at- tachment to something like a bonnet. The evidence of these snail-shell ornaments for a baby is most unusual within the LBK. Ornaments made of Spondylus shells are not very abun- dant (Abb.  48). 18.5  % of all inhumations had at least one piece of this precious material. An adult woman (Verf. 55) and a baby (Verf. 22) had the only large Spondylus necklaces. 40  % of the women and 30  % of the children, but only 20  % of the men, were equipped with this precious jewellery. The rich equipment of the children with personal ornaments is