Page - 195 - in Das linearbandkeramische Gräberfeld von Kleinhadersdorf

Zusammenfassung 195 as unusual as the low value for the men, but only the last wore a most typical ornament: ‘toggles’ made of bone or antler (“Geweih- und Knochenknebel” (Abb.  46; Tafel 59). 14C-dates were measured from the bones of 19 inhuma- tions (Tabelle 36). The calibration of the data gives a time span for the graveyard between 5250 and 5020 BC (Abb.  52, 53). Peter Stadler did a Bayesian evaluation of the dates with values by the ceramic seriation and defined approximately the length of the four phases of the graveyard (Tabelle 37). The complete inventory of the graves (chapter 9.2) served as base for the distribution analysis by P. Stadler (see chapter 6.2, Abb.  55–70). In his contribution, M. Götzinger presents the geologi- cal situation of the surroundings as well as the main results of the mineralogical analyses of the heavy stone tools. He also explains the origin of the raw materials coming from different regions up to quite far distances. The colorants such as graphite and ochre might have been extracted from nearby (Abb.  71–73). The bones and teeth of 39 skeletons from Kleinhaders- dorf were sampled for isotope-analyses within a major in- ternational project of Cardiff University under the direc- tion of Alasdair Whittle. 36 of the bone samples returned results (Table 38). In general, the isotopic results from Kleinhadersdorf stress homogeneity rather than structured difference. Despite a few interesting outliers, the majority of the population lived in the area throughout their lives and sourced their food nearby (Table 39; Figure 75, 76). The lack of identifiable differences between men and women and across age groups suggests that any social hierarchy or dif- ferences were not reflected in diet and that access to certain types of food was not restricted for certain groups in the population. The strontium results show a low level of mo- bility in comparison to other LBK cemeteries studied to date. Five grave groups of different size can be determined by empty spaces between them and by internal links given by the analyses of Nearest Neighbour analysis (Abb.  70; chap- ter 7.1). Some areas of the graveyard are so heavily damaged by erosion that only two of the grave groups could be ana- lysed and compared in detail (Tabelle 40, 41). Both show little clusters of men, women and children’s graves, but they never exclude each other. Grave rites such as those docu- mented by the orientation of the death and the extent of crouching are much more homogeneous in the central than in the NW group. Spondylus evidence is restricted to the central group except of two women, who both are “outli- ers” following the strontium signals of their bones. One of them, buried in the NW group (Verf. 55), is the oldest grave dated by 14C. The second woman belongs to the southern- most group (Verf. 32) and is one of the latest burials on the site. 34 graves dated by ceramics and 11 more graves dated by 14C only served as the base to reconstruct the supposed his- tory of the graveyard. The first burials belong to the NW, the N and the central group, while the southern areas (group 4+5) were first used 2–3 generations later, which means be- ginning with the third phase of the cemetery (LBK phase II b/c after the Moravian chronology – Abb.  77). Finally we tried to reconstruct some individual life sto- ries of exceptional people on the base of the archaeological evidence and the results of the isotope analyses. These are the following persons: a young woman buried with a baby, who eat extremely little or no meat (Verf. 5); a young adult of unknown sex, who died shortly after arrival on the site (Verf. 66); an elder woman with a Spondylus necklace, who came from abroad and might have belonged to the founder generation of the graveyard (Verf. 55); a young woman (Verf. 32), who came from a region W/NW to Kleinhaders- dorf in the last phase, as shown by the results of the isotope analyses and the most typical decoration of the vessels as her grave goods. (Translation: John Chapman) 8.2 Résumé Le village de Kleinhadersdorf se situe près de la ville de Poysdorf au nord de la Basse Autriche à proximité de la frontière morave (Abb.  1). Un ensemble de sites rubanés se distribuent de part et d’autre de la rivière Poybach. Au sud- ouest de cet ensemble de sites, le cimetière occupe une posi- tion plus en hauteur à environ 1,5  km du Poybach, tandis que des découvertes de surface indiquent l’existence pro- bable d’un autre site d’habitat (Abb.  2). Cette région légère- ment vallonnée offre des sols lœssiques très fertiles (Abb.  3). La nécropole a subi une forte érosion en raison de son im- plantation sur une zone fortement pentue, d’altitude com- prise entre 284 m et 277  m (Abb.  4). En 1911, une première tombe rubanée est découverte sur le site de «  Marchleiten  ». Durant les années suivantes, au moins huit tombes furent détruites. Au printemps 1931, J.  Bayer effectue enfin les premières fouilles de sauvetage de 13 sépultures (G. 1–G. 11), dont il réalise des dessins assez détaillés et des photos (Tafel 1–11). Après sa mort brutale,