Page - (000256) - in Knowledge and Networks

252 Fig. 12.4 Novelty and conventionality in science. For a sample paper, (a) shows the distribution of z-scores for that paper’s journal pairings. The z-score shows how common a journal pairing is compared to chance. For each paper we take two summary measures: its median z-score, capturing the paper’s central tendency in combining prior work, and the 10th percentile z-score, capturing the paper’s journal pairings that are relatively unusual. For the population of papers, we then con- sider these values across all papers in the WOS published in the 1980s or 1990s. (b) considers the S. Mukherjee et al.