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255 Fig. 12.6 Citation impact results generalize by decade and by definition of “hit” paper. This figure shows broadly consistent patterns both over time and by the definition of “hit” paper, suggesting a remarkably robust and strong empirical regularity between scientific impact and how prior work is combined. Specifically, the figure shows that high tail novelty combined with high median conven- tionality (Green bars) outperforms other categories in all decades from 1950 to 2000, regardless of whether a “hit” paper is defined as a top 1 %, 5 %, or 10 % by citations received, and broadly shows hit rates that are approximately twice the background rate. By contrast, papers that feature neither high tail novelty nor high median conventionality (Orange bars) see hit rates at only half or less the background rate. From Uzzi et al. (2013b, p. 13). Copyright 2013 by Science. Reprinted with permission from the authors and Science 12 How Atypical Combinations of Scientific Ideas Are Related to Impact:…