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100 Mobile Culture Studies. The Journal 6 2o20 (Travel)
Anna Karina Sennefelder | Revival of the cultural stereotype?
sentence in question, âThe people in this part of the world have a great auraâ had appeared as
a caption under the three pictures in a book, it may be expected that readers would respond
with astonishment or indignation. In the documentary film, the multimodal interplay conveys
spontaneity and, above all, the narratorsâ well-intentioned curious innocence. However, behind
this short sequence there are many individual production steps that, although no longer visible,
must be considered when assessing a multimodal conveyed stereotype. During the recording,
selection, montage, post-synchronization of the film music and, above all, the scripting of the
VO, the producers should have been able to notice that they were about to reproduce an orien-
talist stereotype.
The fact that the stereotype of the âgreat auraâ has remained in the finished film supports
my thesis that certain attributions of cultural identity are not perceived as stereotypes, even by
travellers who endeavour to meet the world openly. The attribution of cultural identity by oth-
ers is so deeply ingrained in the genre of the travel documentary that even controversial images
such as the orientalist stereotype discussed here are still communicated in the twenty-first cen-
tury. As indicated, this may be due, at least in part, to the specific effect of the medium, because
the text-image relationship is more âmultimodalâ than, for example, in a travelogue with photos.
In film, the âtextâ consists of numerous elements, such as sound quality, intonation, speaking
rate, film music and the montage of the images shown. In particular, however, the reproduc-
tion of the orientalist stereotype is probably due to the basic mechanism of documentary itself,
which aims to counter the media mainstream with something supposedly âauthenticâ; for this
âgood causeâ, it is easily blinded to its own blind spots, and therefore fights stereotypes with
stereotypes.
Reiss aus. A travel documentary that aims to show the downsides of travel but still
exoticizes
The sequence discussed here is found relatively early in the 120-minute-long film. Wendt and
Stirnat are in Mauritania, where they meet âthe greatest people from the first day onwardsâ
(Wendt and Stirnat 2019a: 10:25â10:29). The difficulties they encounter crossing desert sections
of the Sahara with their Land Rover have also been a topic of discussion up to this point of
the film, as well as the fundamentally difficult âcommunication between men and womenâ
(Wendt and Stirnat 2019a: 14:03â14:07). Wendt reported on the latter in a vlog-typical setting:
in a self-recorded, frontal close-up, in which current events are monologically commented upon
and summarized, often in a quiet or whispering tone that recreates the intimacy of a diary
entry. The central travel motive is also clearly communicated at this stage: âBeing free, gaining
distance, finding oneself againâ (Wendt and Stirnat 2019a: 1:55). The establishing shot of the
sequence I will analyse here is a close-up of naked black feet on a colourful carpet, against the
sounds of singing, laughing and clapping hands [see Fig. 4].
The shot cuts to a close-up of drumming black hands, then to a close-up from a low angle of
the head and shoulders of a young girl dancing. Next, Wendt is shown in a head and shoulders
close-up, wearing a peaked cap and a scarf that resembles a kufiya, and playing a clapping game
with another girl wrapped in a colourful scarf [see Fig. 5].
In the background, next to Wendt, another young white woman is showing the chil-
dren standing around her something on her smartphone, something which, significantly,
>mcs_lab>
Mobile Culture Studies, Volume 2/2020
The Journal
- Title
- >mcs_lab>
- Subtitle
- Mobile Culture Studies
- Volume
- 2/2020
- Editor
- Karl Franzens University Graz
- Location
- Graz
- Date
- 2020
- Language
- German, English
- License
- CC BY 4.0
- Size
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Pages
- 270
- Categories
- Zeitschriften Mobile Culture Studies The Journal