Page - 189 - in Menschenrechte und Gerechtigkeit als bleibende Aufgaben - Beiträge aus Religion, Theologie, Ethik, Recht und Wirtschaft

© 2020, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783847111658 – ISBN E-Lib: 9783737011655 16 establishes even a Day of Reconciliation (Yom Kippur), one of the most important religious celebration in the OT, in which the people of Israel are reconciledwith Yahwe through bloody sacrifice (collective dimension). Apart from this celebration, there are strong regulations concerning other bloody sacrifices at theTemple. Theyhave the samegoal of reconciling the individual withGod(cf.Lev1–9;Lev17:11).12Asecondmeaningreferstoreconciliationasa profaneact(“tocover”),definedas“aprocessthatcoverssomething”(aguilt).13 Reconciliation (through theverbkipper) in the senseof interpersonal reconci- liationisrareintheOT.Thesolutionofthesekindsofconflictsisfoundespecially in Genesis through the spatial separation of the conflicting parties (cf. Gen 37–50).14 IntheNewTestament,reconciliationiscommonlyexpressedthroughboththe verbjatakk²ssy (katallasso: six times inRom5:10; 1Cor7:11; 2Cor5:18–19; 5:20), thesubstantivejatakkac¶(katallage: fourtimesin:Rm5:11;11:15;2Cor 5:18–19)andtheverb!pojatakk²ssy(apokatallasso: threetimesin:Eph2:16; Col 1:2–22).Although Jesusdoesnot speakexplicitly about reconciliation, the Gospels set inter-personal reconciliationas condition forbringingagift to the altar (diakk²ssy inMt 5:24; similar contexts that demand reconciliation be- tweenpeopleareinLc12:58andin1Cor7:11).Forgiving,alwaysaprecondition ofreconciliation,ispartoftheLord‘sPrayer(Mt6:12).Thus,atonementmustbe accomplishedbefore reconciliationtakesplace.15 PaultakestheOldTestamentunderstandingofreconciliationandinterpretsit withaChristological key (cf.Rm3:25).Through Jesus’ sacrificehumanbeings receive definitive reconciliationwithGod (Rm5:10–11). Based on this recon- ciliation, the Apostles are given “the ministry/service of reconciliation” (“B diajom¸at/rjatakkac/r”:2Cor5:18)aswellas“thewordofreconciliation”(“b kºcort/rjatakkac/r”:2Cor5:19).Forthisreason,PaulrequirestheCorinthians toreconcilewithGod(“jatakk²cgtet`he`”:2Cor5:20).IntheDeutero-Pauline Letters, reconciliation – which is strongly connected to the issue of peace – receivesasupra-national(Eph2:16)evenacosmicdimension(Col1:20–22).The ethnicparts thatwere initially inoppositionarenowreconciled throughJesus’ 12 Joachim Kügler, Versöhnung, in: Angelika Berlejung / Christian Frevel (ed.), Handbuch theologischerGrundbegriffezumAltenundNeuenTestament,4.ed.,Darmstadt2015,p. 447. 13 MatthiasMillard / GerdTheissen, Versöhnung, in: FrankCrüsemann /KristianHungar / Claudia Janssen u.a. (ed.), Sozialgeschichtliches Wörterbuch zur Bibel, München 2009, pp. 610–613,here:p. 610. 14 For a very comprehensive and detailed analysis, see: Lang, kipper / kapporet / koper / kippurim, in: Theological Dictionary of The Old Testament 7, G. Johannes Botterweck / HelmerRinggren/Heinz-JosefFabry (ed.),Michigan1995,pp.288–303. 15 Hans-Georg Link, Reconciliation, Restoration, Propitiation, Atonement, in: Colin Brown (ed.),DictionaryofNewTestamentTheology3,Michigan-Devon1975,pp. 145–148. “Forgivingoneanother” (Col. 3,13) 189 Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY 4.0