Page - 365 - in Menschenrechte und Gerechtigkeit als bleibende Aufgaben - Beiträge aus Religion, Theologie, Ethik, Recht und Wirtschaft

© 2020, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783847111658 – ISBN E-Lib: 9783737011655 to Article 19 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties as well as the respectiveArticles in theConventions themselves.37 Despitehavingonly ratifiedthreeUNhumanrightsconventions,andsigned onemore, Brunei’s SPCOmanages to violate all of these treaties.38 In the fol- lowing,we shall only focuson the issues of capital aswell as corporal punish- ment. 2.2. Punishmentofdeathbystoning WhileBrunei,evenbeforetheSPCO,hadnotentirelyabolishedthedeathpenalty, it isclassifiedas ‘abolitionist inpractice’byAmnesty International,noting that while “death by hanging wasmaintained as punishment for several offences includingmurder, terrorism and drug-related crimes”, no one had been exe- cutedinBruneiforovertenyears.39DeathPenaltyWorldwide,likewise,classifies Bruneias ‘abolitionistdefacto’andplacesthelastknownexecutioninBrunei in 1957.40 In the last tenyears,Brunei is knowntohave imposedadeath sentence only twice, in 201541 and in 2017,42both on foreign nationals, though one for murderandtheother fordrug trafficking. 37 UNTC – Convention on the Rights of the Child, see: https://treaties.un.org/Pages/View Details.aspx?src=IND&mtdsg_no=IV-11&chapter=4&lang=en (accessed on May 20th 2019);UNTC–ConventionontheRightsofPersonswithDisabilities,see:https://treaties.un. org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-15&chapter=4 (accessed on May 20th 2019); UNTC –Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=IND&mtdsg_no=IV- 8&chapter=4&lang=en(accessedonMay20th2019). 38 ThediscriminatorycharacteroftheSPCOwithregardtowomenshouldbeglaringlyobvious inthecriminalisationof, interalia, extramaritalpregnancyorchildbirthofMuslimwomen, withtheburdenofprooftorebutrestingonthewoman;thelimitationofthecrimeofzinabil- jabar to extramarital rape; aswell as the criminalisationof anunmarriedMuslimwoman leavingthecustodyofherguardian;theseprovisionslikelyviolateArticles2and5ofCEDAW. TheCRPD,initsArticles10and15,incorporatestherighttolifeandtheabsoluteprohibition of tortureorcruel, inhumanordegrading treatmentorpunishment, andtheCommitteeon theRights of PersonswithDisabilities has previously expressed concern over the “enfor- cementofmutilationasa formofcriminal sentence,andthestigmatizationofpersonswho haveimpairmentasaconsequenceofsuchpunishment”aswellasthespecialvulnerabilityof personswithdisabilities to thedeathpenalty (UnitedNationsCommittee on theRights of PersonswithDisabilities, Concludingobservations on the initial report of the IslamicRe- publicof Iranof10May2017,CRPD/C/IRN/CO/1,paras. 22f., 32f.). 39 Amnesty International, Brunei Darussalam, see: https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/ asia-and-the-pacific/brunei-darussalam/ (accessedonMay20th2019). 40 Death Penalty Worldwide, Brunei, see: http://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/country- search-post.cfm?country=Brunei (accessedonMay20th2019). 41 Amnesty International, Death Sentences and Executions 2015, see: https://www.amnesty. org/download/documents/act5034872016english.pdf, 27. The impactof religiononuniversalhumanrights inBrunei’sSyariahPenalCode 365 Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY 4.0