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© 2020, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783847111658 – ISBN E-Lib: 9783737011655 monitors compliancewith the ICCPR, has found that stoning as amethod of execution is contrary to the prohibition of torture enshrined in Article 7 ICCPR.54 2.3. Thedeathpenalty for “mostseriouscrimes” TherighttolifeisenshrinedinArticle3oftheUDHRandfurtherconcretisedin Article6oftheICCPR,whichreservestheuseofthedeathpenaltytocasesof“the most serious crimes”. Brunei’s SPCO contains capital punishment for such crimesasprivateandconsensualsexual intercoursebetweenadults,apostasyas wellascontemptorderisionoftheprophet,Qur’anor thehadith,noneofwhich canrisetothelevelof‘mostserious’,oreven‘crimes,’astheseactsinmostStates arenotcriminalisedatall.TheUNHumanRightsCommitteelimitsthecategory of‘mostserious’to“intentionalkilling”,explicitlyexcludessexualoffencesfrom thecategoryof“mostserious”,andconcludesthat“undernocircumstancescan the death penalty ever be applied as a sanction against conduct whose very criminalization violates the Covenant, including adultery, homosexuality, apostasy.”55 2.4. Mandatorydeathsentences The SPCOprescribes exactly what acts shall receive capital punishment – so exactly, in fact, that there is absolutely no room for the consideration of the specificcircumstancesofthecase.This isthecasefordeathbystoningaswellas other capital sentences foreseenby theSPCO, for the crimesof robbery, extra- maritalsex,extramaritalrape,same-sexsexualintercourseandextramaritalanal sex, apostasy and related crimes; as well as qatl (intentional killing).56 The HumanRights Committee has long held thatmandatory death sentences are arbitrary in nature, and the arbitrary deprivation of life is absolutely pro- 54 UnitedNationsHumanRightsCommittee,GeneralcommentNo.36(2018)onarticle6ofthe ICCPR, on the right to life of 30October 2018, CCPR/C/GC/36, para. 40; UnitedNations Human Rights Committee, Concluding observations on the third periodic report of the IslamicRepublicof Iranof29November2011,CCPR/C/IRN/CO/3,para. 12. 55 UNHuman Rights Committee, General comment No.36, para. 35f.; UNHuman Rights Committee, IslamicRepublicofIran,para.12;similarlyUNCommissiononHumanRights, Resolution2005/59, para. 5 (f): “To ensure that ‘most serious crimes’ does not gobeyond intentionalcrimeswithlethalorextremelygraveconsequencesandthatthedeathpenalty is notimposedfornon-violentactssuchasfinancialcrimes,religiouspracticeorexpressionof conscienceandsexual relationsbetweenconsentingadults.” 56 SPCO2013, section124. ManfredNowak/Anna-MariaSteiner368 Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY 4.0