Page - 541 - in Menschenrechte und Gerechtigkeit als bleibende Aufgaben - Beiträge aus Religion, Theologie, Ethik, Recht und Wirtschaft

© 2020, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783847111658 – ISBN E-Lib: 9783737011655 diversity, shared benefit and shared prosperity. Complementary international initiatives including those led by theUN,21 theOECDExpert Group onAI in Society,22 the Australian Human Rights Commission,23 the Canadian govern- ment24 and theUSgovernment under PresidentObama25 suggest that govern- ments, international organisations andprofessional associations recognise the importance andurgency of these conversations. The question is whether and how these ethical principles, guidelines and frameworks can be supported by legally-bindingprotections forcitizens. 6. Is it tooLate? Ananalysisofthemultipleprinciplesandframeworksforethicalortrustworthy AIsuggest that there is a reasonable consensusonthevalues that shouldguide thedesignanddeploymentofAI.Yet there is a fundamentaldistrust.Thisdis- trust arises, inpart, becauseof the lackofknowledgeandunderstandingofAI anditsimplications,andparticularlybecauseoftherealisation,after-the-fact,of theubiquityof thesesystems.Bristows’conclusionthatpublicunderstandingof AI isbroadbutnotdeepattests to this.There isalsoa legitimateconcernabout thepre-eminent role that for-profits play in this industry, aswell as a concern about the concentration of this technological capacity amongst a few major players.Moreover,thecontroversiessurroundingthevariousethicsCommittees and initiatives housed in thesemajor players have only served to undermine confidence in the willingness of the industry to develop AI according to the ethicalprinciples theyhaveadopted.26 While there is good reason to be sceptical about the prospects of ethical, human-centric and trustworthyAI, there are, nevertheless examples of ethical discussions throughout the 20th century that have impacted, and sometimes constrained, technological developments in the public interest. For example, 21 See theAIForGoodSerieswhich is theUN’splatformfordialogueonAI. 22 In2018theOECD’sCommitteeonDigitalEconomyPolicyestablishedanExpertGrouponAI inSociety. 23 AustralianHumanRightsCommission,Artificial Intelligence,Governance andLeadership 2019, see: https://www.humanrights.gov.au/our-work/rights-and-freedoms/publications/ar tificial-intelligence-governance-and-leadership (accessedonMay21st2019). 24 Government of Canada, ResponsibleUse ofAI 2019, see: https://www.canada.ca/en/gover nment/system/digital-government/modern-emerging-technologies/responsible-use-ai.html (accessedonMay21st2019). 25 ExecutiveOffice of thePresidentNational Science andTechnologyCouncil Committee on Technology,Preparing for theFutureofArtificial Intelligence,WashingtonDC.2016. 26 Forexample inMarch2019GoogleestablishedanAdvancedTechnologyExternalAdvisory Council (ATEAC) to consider the challenges that ariseunder itsGoogleAIPrinciples (an- nounced in June2018).However, inApril 2019 itwasdisbanded. DesigninganEthicalFuture:CanArtificial IntelligenceHelp? 541 Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY 4.0