Page - 90 - in Advances in Neuroimmunology

BrainSci. 2016,6, 25 3.4. Effect ofStress orWCEonSelectedCytokinemRNAs inHypothalamus,Hippocampus, andAmygdala afterWCE Toexamine thegeneralizabilityof thecorticalneuroimmunemRNAresponse, theeffectsof stress orWCEwere studied in additional brain regions of known importance in chronic ethanol effects. Figure4 illustrates that,whereasstressdidnot increaseCCL2or IL-1βmRNAinthehypothalamus (p>0.05,Figure4A,C),WCEincreasedbothof thesecytokinemRNAssignificantly(byabout30%–45%, p<0.01). Further, hypothalamicTLR4andTNFαmRNAswerenot significantly alteredbyeither challenge(p<0.05vs. control). Figure 4. Effects of restraint stress orWCE on hypothalamic neuroimmunemRNAs. For CCL2, therewasasignificantoverall effectof treatments (F(2,35)=9.13,p<0.001)withasignificantgroup comparisonrelative tocontrols revealedonlywith theWCEtreatment. ForTNFα, therewasnooverall effect of treatment (p> 0.05) despite a trend toward aWCEeffect. Therewas an overall effect of treatmentonIL-1β (F(2,38)=4.59,p<0.05)with theWCEgroupbeinghigher thancontrolsorstressed rats. Finally, therewerenoeffects onTLR4. Groupdesignations are the sameas those inFigure 3. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, **p<0.001versuscontrols.A,B,C, andDdelineatedata forCCL2,TNFα, IL-1β andTLR4mRNAs, respectively, (n=8–13pergroup). 90