Page - 12 - in options, Volume winter 2016/2017

12 options + winter 2016/2017 www.iiasa.ac.at with Taking all we can get, as fast as we  can get it, will end in tragedy for  all—building  resolutions based on all voices, as clumsy as that may be, might be our best hope. PREVENTINGTRAGEDY clumsy solutions CULTURAL THEORY argues that there are four types of worldviews. FATALIST ACTORS see no possibility of effecting change for the better. What will be, will be. HIERARCHICAL ACTORS are pro‑control. They talk of “wise guidance” and are in favor of top‑down planning by government. The government should build dams to  solve problems like flooding. With sufficient knowledge, people can decide for themselves if they want to live on a flood plain. INDIVIDUALIST ACTORS are pro‑market. They call for deregulation, for the freedom to take risks, and for the explicit recognition of trade‑offs among competing uses of resources. EGALITARIAN ACTORS are deeply skeptical of both the individualist notion of  trade‑offs and the hierarchical claim that experts  know best. They argue for a more holistic,  moralistic, and natural approach to management. Address inequalities, protect ecosystems and their services.