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pulsionasanacceleratorofeconomicandsocio-political transformations.His
positionwasinformedbythedeterministconceptionofhistory,fromwhichhe
concludedthatthemethodsofeconomiccompulsioncreatedeconomicfound-
ationsforsocialism.150These,inturn,providedthedemocraticfoundationsfor
thepoliticalandlegalsuperstructure.However,Bauerdidnotessentiallyrevise
his view that socialismanddemocracywere inseparable. Rather than being
a long-termprogrammaticperspective, his support for separating the twoon
Russian soil was a temporary tactic for theRussianRevolution. This is evid-
encedbytheexpectations thatBauer tied to ‘despotic socialism’: creating the
foundations for thedevelopmentofbourgeoisdemocracy.Bauerengagedina
polemicwiththeBolsheviks,whohopedthattheirrevolutionarymodelwould
beadoptedinWesternEurope:
ThedictatorshipoftheproletariatinRussiadoesnotamounttoovercom-
ingdemocracy,butrepresentsaphaseinitsdevelopment.Thedespotism
oftheproletariathasthehistoricalmissiontoliberatetheRussianpeasant
masses fromthe lackofculture towhichTsaristdespotismhasconfined
them,elevatethem,andthuscreatetheconditionsfordemocracyinRus-
sia.ContrarytowhatthetheoryofBolshevismassumes, thedictatorship
oftheproletariat inRussia is thereforenotthefinal,ultimateformofthe
Russianstate…[r]ather, itonlyrepresentsatransitionalstageintheRus-
siandevelopmentthatwill,atmost, lastuntiltheRussianpopularmasses
aresufficientlyculturallymatureforthedemocraticstate.151
ourtranslation
From1918to1920,Bauerwasdeeplyconvincedthat theRussiansystemwould
soon undergo democratisation and liberalisation, and individual rights and
150 Aspreviouslyreferredtointhischapter,Bauerwantedtoavoidthedeterministconception
ofhistory.Nonetheless, it stronglycharacterisedhisgeneralviewofhistory.
151 ‘Die Diktatur des Proletariats in Russland ist nicht die Überwindung der Demokratie,
sondern eine Phase der Entwicklung zur Demokratie. Der Despotismus des Proletari-
ats hat die geschichtlicheAufgabe, die bäuerlicheMasse des russischenVolkes aus der
Kulturlosigkeit, inder siederzaristischeDespotismusgehaltenhat, emporzuhebenund
dadurcherstdieVoraussetzungenderDemokratie inRusslandzuschaffen.DieDiktatur
desProletariats inRussland istalsonicht,wiedieTheoriedesBolschewismusannimmt,
die letzte,endgültigeFormdesrussischenStaates…sieistvielmehrnureineDurchgang-
sphase der russischen Entwicklung, die bestenfalls so lang dauernwird, bis dieMasse
des russischen Volkes kulturell reif wird für den demokratischen Staat’ – Bauer 1976c,
p.300.
Otto Bauer (1881–1938)
Thinker and Politician
- Title
- Otto Bauer (1881–1938)
- Subtitle
- Thinker and Politician
- Author
- Ewa Czerwińska-Schupp
- Publisher
- Brill
- Location
- Leiden
- Date
- 2017
- Language
- English
- License
- CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-90-04-32583-8
- Size
- 7.9 x 12.0 cm
- Pages
- 444
- Keywords
- Otto Bauer, Österreich, Österreichische, Politiker, Denker, Austomarxismus, Sozialismus, Moral, Imperialismus, Nation, Demokratie, Revolution, Staat, Faschismus, Krieg, SDAP
- Category
- Biographien