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Otto Bauer (1881–1938) - Thinker and Politician
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234 chapter 5 pulsionasanacceleratorofeconomicandsocio-political transformations.His positionwasinformedbythedeterministconceptionofhistory,fromwhichhe concludedthatthemethodsofeconomiccompulsioncreatedeconomicfound- ationsforsocialism.150These,inturn,providedthedemocraticfoundationsfor thepoliticalandlegalsuperstructure.However,Bauerdidnotessentiallyrevise his view that socialismanddemocracywere inseparable. Rather than being a long-termprogrammaticperspective, his support for separating the twoon Russian soil was a temporary tactic for theRussianRevolution. This is evid- encedbytheexpectations thatBauer tied to ‘despotic socialism’: creating the foundations for thedevelopmentofbourgeoisdemocracy.Bauerengagedina polemicwiththeBolsheviks,whohopedthattheirrevolutionarymodelwould beadoptedinWesternEurope: ThedictatorshipoftheproletariatinRussiadoesnotamounttoovercom- ingdemocracy,butrepresentsaphaseinitsdevelopment.Thedespotism oftheproletariathasthehistoricalmissiontoliberatetheRussianpeasant masses fromthe lackofculture towhichTsaristdespotismhasconfined them,elevatethem,andthuscreatetheconditionsfordemocracyinRus- sia.ContrarytowhatthetheoryofBolshevismassumes, thedictatorship oftheproletariat inRussia is thereforenotthefinal,ultimateformofthe Russianstate…[r]ather, itonlyrepresentsatransitionalstageintheRus- siandevelopmentthatwill,atmost, lastuntiltheRussianpopularmasses aresufficientlyculturallymatureforthedemocraticstate.151 ourtranslation From1918to1920,Bauerwasdeeplyconvincedthat theRussiansystemwould soon undergo democratisation and liberalisation, and individual rights and 150 Aspreviouslyreferredtointhischapter,Bauerwantedtoavoidthedeterministconception ofhistory.Nonetheless, it stronglycharacterisedhisgeneralviewofhistory. 151 ‘Die Diktatur des Proletariats in Russland ist nicht die Überwindung der Demokratie, sondern eine Phase der Entwicklung zur Demokratie. Der Despotismus des Proletari- ats hat die geschichtlicheAufgabe, die bäuerlicheMasse des russischenVolkes aus der Kulturlosigkeit, inder siederzaristischeDespotismusgehaltenhat, emporzuhebenund dadurcherstdieVoraussetzungenderDemokratie inRusslandzuschaffen.DieDiktatur desProletariats inRussland istalsonicht,wiedieTheoriedesBolschewismusannimmt, die letzte,endgültigeFormdesrussischenStaates…sieistvielmehrnureineDurchgang- sphase der russischen Entwicklung, die bestenfalls so lang dauernwird, bis dieMasse des russischen Volkes kulturell reif wird für den demokratischen Staat’ – Bauer 1976c, p.300.
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Otto Bauer (1881–1938) Thinker and Politician
Title
Otto Bauer (1881–1938)
Subtitle
Thinker and Politician
Author
Ewa Czerwińska-Schupp
Publisher
Brill
Location
Leiden
Date
2017
Language
English
License
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
ISBN
978-90-04-32583-8
Size
7.9 x 12.0 cm
Pages
444
Keywords
Otto Bauer, Österreich, Österreichische, Politiker, Denker, Austomarxismus, Sozialismus, Moral, Imperialismus, Nation, Demokratie, Revolution, Staat, Faschismus, Krieg, SDAP
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Otto Bauer (1881–1938)