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Otto Bauer (1881–1938) - Thinker and Politician
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314 chapter 8 Thus,fascismwasgrantedsupportasa‘gift’ frombourgeoishands,and,once itheldpower,itdidnotintendonrelinquishingit.Thereafter,fascismtookspe- cificmeasures.Firstly, it turnedagainst thesocialbase thanks towhich ithad grownandwhich itno longer required– i.e. themiddleclasses,whose resist- anceitnowbrutallysuppressed.Secondly, itproceededtodestroytheparityof classes thathadallowedfascismtobeelevatedtopower,andwhichhadbeen oneofthemainreasonsfortherepublic’sdefencelessness.39Thevictimofthis attackwastheentireexistingapparatusofpartiesandpolitical institutionsof parliamentarydemocracy–that is tosay, fascismhadnotlostsightof itsmain objective,namelydictatorship.Bauerunderstoodthe transitionto fascistdic- tatorshipasaprocess inwhichstatepowerbecamegraduallyautonomousof class relationsunderconditionsof crisis and tookona lifeof itsown.Hewas the first to establish the thesis, basedon themodelofBonapartismand later repeatedbyThalheimer,of the fascist stateapparatusasaconstruct standing aboveallclasses. It ispossibletoquery,asBauerdid,whetherthetransformationofthebour- geoisdemocraticpoliticalorder intothefascistordermeantessentialchanges to thehithertoexisting capitalist system.Without adoubt, thiswas thecase, themost fundamental modification being the shift of class power. As long as thepowerof thecapitalists ismaintained,bourgeoisdemocracy facilitates peacefulsolutionstosocialconflicts. Its limitationsresult fromthetemporary natureoftheclassbalance.Itcannotbeturnedintotheunlimitedpowerofone particular class because the interests of voters, representedbypoliticalmass parties, have tobe taken intoaccount. Fascism’s liquidationofparliamentary democracydrainedpowerfrommostofthebourgeoisieandremainingclasses, len,umderGrößeseinerErfolgewillen,umderKraftseinesWiderstandeswillengewalt- samangegriffen,soisterandererseitszuschwach,sichderGewaltzuerwehren.Aufdem BodenderbestehendenbürgerlichenDemokratiewirkend,anderDemokratiealsseinen Kampfboden und seiner Kraftquelle festhaltend, scheint er breiten, kleinbürgerlichen, bäuerlichen, proletarischenMassen eine “Systempartei”, ein Teilhaber undNutznießer jener bürgerlichenDemokratie, die sie vor der VerelendungdurchdieWirtschaftskrise nichtzuschützenvermag.ErvermagdaherdiedurchdieKrise revolutioniertenMassen nichtansichzuziehen.Sie strömenseinemTodfeind,demFaschismuszu.DasResultat diesesGleichgewichtesderKräfteodervielmehrderSchwächebeiderKlassenistderSieg desFaschismus, derdieArbeiterklasse imDienstederKapitalistenniederwirft, aber im SoldederKapitalistendiesensoüberdenKopfwächst,dasssieihnschließlichzumunbes- chränktenHerrenüberdasganzeVolkunddamitauchübersichselbstmachenmüssen’– Bauer1976p,pp. 148–9. 39 NotunlikeThalheimerandTrotsky,Bauer linkedtheshift in thebalanceof forces to the emergenceofthensdapasamassparty.
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Otto Bauer (1881–1938) Thinker and Politician
Title
Otto Bauer (1881–1938)
Subtitle
Thinker and Politician
Author
Ewa Czerwińska-Schupp
Publisher
Brill
Location
Leiden
Date
2017
Language
English
License
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
ISBN
978-90-04-32583-8
Size
7.9 x 12.0 cm
Pages
444
Keywords
Otto Bauer, Österreich, Österreichische, Politiker, Denker, Austomarxismus, Sozialismus, Moral, Imperialismus, Nation, Demokratie, Revolution, Staat, Faschismus, Krieg, SDAP
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Otto Bauer (1881–1938)