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(c)
Figure 7. Deposition rates of (a) n‐, (b) i‐, and (c) p‐layers on ZnO/Ag, n‐layer/ZnO/Ag, and
i‐layer/glass, respectively, as functions of R.
Figure 8. Schematic of a single junction a‐Si:H based solar cell prepared in the n‐i‐p configuration.
Each
amorphous
or
protocrystalline
Si:H
layer
is
optimized
to
a
value
of
R
with
an
intended
thickness.
3.3.
Ex situ SE Study of a‐Si:H in n‐i‐p Configuration
Solar Cells from the Mid‐IR to Near UV
Ellipsometric spectra from 0.04 to 5.0 eV were collected and analyzed for a ZnO/Ag BR
over‐coated with intrinsic a‐Si:H and n‐type a‐Si:H layers. This ZnO/Ag BR sample was over‐coated
with
a‐Si:H
to
determine
ε
for
a‐Si:H
over
the
0.04
to
5.0
eV
range
as
well
as
identify
modifications
to
the underlying ZnO due to this over‐deposition. The structural model for the a‐Si:H coated ZnO/Ag
BR consisted of a semi‐infinite opaque Ag metal layer, a 108 Å ZnO + Ag interfacial layer with fixed
thickness from the previous analysis given in Table 3, an average 2751 5 Å bulk ZnO layer
produced
by
the
mean
db
values
obtained
from
the
simultaneous
fitting
of
the
IR
and
the
near
IR‐UV
range spectra, a 84 1 Å 0.5 n‐type a‐Si:H + 0.5 ZnO Bruggeman effective medium approximation
interfacial layer, a 278
1 Å a‐Si:H n‐layer, a 30
1 Å 0.5 intrinsic + 0.5 n‐type a‐Si:H Bruggeman
effective medium approximation interfacial layer, a 3621 2 Å bulk intrinsic a‐Si:H layer, and a
29
1 Å surface roughness represented using Bruggeman effective medium approximation of 0.5
intrinsic a‐Si:H/0.5 void volume fractions. The n‐layer + ZnO interface, n‐layer bulk layer, and
n‐layer surface roughness thicknesses are obtained from in situ RTSE measurements and analysis
prior to intrinsic a‐Si:H deposition. The intrinsic + n‐type a‐Si:H interface thickness is set at the same
value as the n‐layer surface roughness assuming that over‐deposited intrinsic a‐Si:H fill the voids in
the n‐layer surface. Parameters describing ε for ZnO and a‐Si:H are listed in Table 5. As with the IR
extended
analysis of the ZnO/Ag sample,
a common
parameterization of ε for the materials
over the
full spectral range was applied, the bulk layer thicknesses for the ZnO and intrinsic a‐Si:H layers
were fit independently for spectra collected from each instrument, and all other layer thicknesses
were either fixed from prior analyses or kept common between the two sets of spectra. For the
i‐layer, the nominal substrate temperature and hydrogen dilution ratio were T = 200°C and R = 10,
Figure 8. Schematic of a single junction a-Si:H based solar cell prepared in the n-i-p
configuration. Each amorphous or protocrystalline Si:H layer is optimized to a
valueofRwithanintendedthickness.
3.3. ExSituSEStudy f a-Si:H inn-i-pConfigu ationSolarCells fromtheMid-IRto
NearUV
Ellipsometric spectra from 0.04 to 5.0 eV were collected and analyzed for a
ZnO/AgBRover-coatedwithintrinsica-Si:Handn-typea-Si:Hlayers. ThisZnO/Ag
BR sample was over-coated with a-Si:H to determine ε for a-Si:H over the 0.04 to
5.0 eV range as well as identify modifications to the underlying ZnO due to this
over-deposition. The structural model for the a-Si:H coated ZnO/Ag BR consisted of
a semi-infinite opaque Ag metal layer, a 108 Å ZnO + Ag interfacial layer with fixed
thickness from the previous analysis given in Table 3, an average 2751˘5 Å bulk
ZnOlayerproducedbythemeandb valuesobtainedfromthesimultaneousfitting
of the IRandthenear IR-UVrangespectra,a84˘1Å0.5n-typea-Si:H+0.5ZnO
Bruggeman effective edium approximation interfacial layer, a 278˘1 Å a-Si:H
n-layer, a 30˘ 1 Å 0.5 intrinsic + 0.5 n-type a-Si:H Bruggeman effective medium
approximationinterfacial layer,a3621˘2Åbulkintrinsica-Si:Hlayer,anda29˘1Å
surfaceroughnessrepresentedusingBruggemaneffectivemediumapproximationof
0.5 intrinsica-Si:H/0.5voidvolumefractions. Then-layer+ZnOinterface,n-layer
bulk layer, and n-layer surface roughness thicknesses are obtained from in situ RTSE
measurementsandanalysisprior to intrinsica-Si:Hdeposition. Theintrinsic+n-type
a-Si:H interface thickness is set at the same value as the n-layer surface roughness
assuming that over-deposited intrinsic a-Si:H fill the voids in the n-layer surface.
Parameters describing ε for ZnO and a-Si:H are listed in Table 5. As with the IR
extendedanalysisof theZnO/Agsample,acommonparameterizationof ε for the
materials over the full spectral range was applied, the bulk layer thicknesses for the
ZnOandintrinsica-Si:Hlayerswerefit independentlyforspectracollectedfromeach
instrument,andallother layer thicknesseswereeitherfixedfromprioranalysesor
83
Photovoltaic Materials and Electronic Devices
- Title
- Photovoltaic Materials and Electronic Devices
- Author
- Joshua M. Pearce
- Editor
- MDPI
- Location
- Basel
- Date
- 2016
- Language
- English
- License
- CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-03842-217-4
- Size
- 17.0 x 24.4 cm
- Pages
- 216
- Keywords
- Perovskite, Plasmonics, Nanostructured Materials, Anti-Reflection Coatings, Transparent Conductive Oxides, Amorphous Silicon, Dye-sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) Materials, Organic Photovoltaic Materials, Solar Energy Materials
- Categories
- Naturwissenschaften Physik
- Technik