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Forveryshortcells, theoptical loss relatedto thescribingwidththat isneededfor
isolation and interconnection is high (here taken to be 150µm, which is near the
lowest reportedforCIGS[22]) comparedto the total cellarea. For longercells, the
efficiency drops as resistive losses become a major bottleneck. Naturally, a TCO with
a lower sheet resistance allows for longer cells. However, as a lower sheet resistance
goes togetherwith a lowerTCO transmittance [23,24], as shownin Figure 3, there is
a trade-offandas isobviousfromFigure4a,differentTCOsheet resistancehavea
differentoptimalcell length. ATCOsheet resistanceof5Ω/sqhasa longoptimal
cell length, but as the transmittance TCO is substantially lower than that of 10Ω/sq,
theefficiencydrops from16.9%to16.2%.
Materials
2016,
9,
96
4
fill factor. These curves were used in the modeling to represent reference small cell without
interconnection of
front contact related
losses.
2.2. Cells
with
a TCO Front
Contact
The typical trade‐off between transmittance and sheet resistance of the TCO, as used for the
modeling, is shown i Figure 3. Below 10 Ω/sq, the transmittance drops with reduced sheet
resistance. Figure 4a shows the efficiency as a function of the cell length for different TCO sheet
resistances. The details of the TCO can be found in the Experimental Section. The cell efficiency
shows
a maximum with cell
length. For
very
short cells, the optical
loss related to the
scribing
width
that is n eded for isolation and interconnection is high (here taken to be 150 μm, which is near the
lowest
reported
for
CIGS
[22])
compared
to
the
total
cell
area.
For
longer
cells,
the
efficiency
drops
as
resistive
losses
become
a
major
bottleneck.
Naturally,
a
TCO
with
a
lower
sheet
resistance
allows
for
longer cells. However, as a lower sheet resistance goes together with a lower TCO transmittance
[23,24], as shown in Figure 3, there is a trade‐off and as is obvious from Figure 4a, different TCO
sheet resistance have a different optimal cell length. A TCO sheet resistance of 5 Ω/sq has a long
optimal cell length, but as the transmittance TCO is substantially lower than that of 10 Ω/sq, the
efficiency drops from
16.9
% to 16.2%.
Figure 3. Transmittance as a function of the sheet resistance. This is used to represent TCO induced
optical
losses
in
industrially
sputtered
ZnO:
Al
material
for
a
wavelength
between
400
nm
and
1100
nm
and do not reflect
state
of the
art laboratory results.
Figure 4. Efficiency of solar panels as a function of the individual cell length for different sheet
resistances of the TCO (Rsh in Ω/sq) for a scribe width of 150 μm (a) and 350 μm (b). The cell was
based
on a Voc of 0.7 V.
Figure 3. Transmittance as a function of the sheet resistance. This is used to
represent TCO induced optical l sses in industrially sputtered ZnO: Al material
forawavelengthbetween400nmand1100nmanddonotreflectstateof theart
laboratoryresults.
Materials
2016,
9,
96
4
fill factor. These curves were used in the modeling to represent reference small cell without
interconnection of
front contact related
losses.
2.2. Cells
with
a TCO Front
Contact
The typical trade‐ ff b twee transmittanc and sh et resistance of the TCO, as u ed fo the
modeling, is shown in Figure 3. Below 10 Ω/sq, the transmittance dr ps with reduced sheet
resistance. Figur 4a shows the efficie cy as a function of the c ll length for different TCO sheet
resistances. The details of the TCO can be found in the Experimental S cti n. The cell efficiency
shows
a maximum with cell
length. For
very
short cells, the optical
loss related to the
scribing
width
that is n ed d for isol ti n and interconnection is high (here taken to be 150 μm, which is near the
lowest
reported
for
CIGS
[22])
compared
to
the
total
cell
area.
For
longer
cells,
the
efficiency
drops
as
resistive
losses
become
a
major
bottleneck.
Naturally,
a
TCO
with
a
lower
sheet
resistance
allows
for
longer cells. However, as a lower sheet resistance goes together with a lower TCO transmittance
[23,24], as shown in Figure 3, there is a trade‐off and as is obvious from Figure 4a, different TCO
sh et resistance have a different optimal cell length. A TCO sheet resistance of 5 Ω/sq has a long
optimal cell length, but as the transmittance TCO is substantially lower than that of 10 Ω/sq, the
efficiency drops from
16.9
% to 16.2%.
Figure 3. Transmittance as a function of the sheet resistance. This is used to represent TCO induced
optical
losses
in
industrially
sputtered
ZnO:
Al
material
for
a
wavelength
between
400
nm
and
1100
nm
and do not reflect
state
of the
art laboratory results.
Figure 4. Efficiency of solar panels as a function of the individual cell length for different sheet
resistances of the TCO (Rsh in Ω/sq) for a scribe width of 150 μm (a) and 350 μm (b). The cell was
based
on a Voc of 0.7 V.
Figure 4. Efficiency of solar panels as a function of the individual cell length for
differentsheet resistancesof theTCO(RshinΩ/sq) forascribewidthof150µm(a)
and350µm(b). ThecellwasbasedonaVocof0.7V.
118
Photovoltaic Materials and Electronic Devices
- Title
- Photovoltaic Materials and Electronic Devices
- Author
- Joshua M. Pearce
- Editor
- MDPI
- Location
- Basel
- Date
- 2016
- Language
- English
- License
- CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-03842-217-4
- Size
- 17.0 x 24.4 cm
- Pages
- 216
- Keywords
- Perovskite, Plasmonics, Nanostructured Materials, Anti-Reflection Coatings, Transparent Conductive Oxides, Amorphous Silicon, Dye-sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) Materials, Organic Photovoltaic Materials, Solar Energy Materials
- Categories
- Naturwissenschaften Physik
- Technik