Page - 76 - in The Power of Urban Water - Studies in premodern urbanism

76 PhilippKobusch Fig. 7: Lousoi, entranceareaof the sanctuary of Artemis. tionof the fountain in theHellenistic forecourt ofDemeter’s sanctuary inPergamon isunclear, but a fountain-house, as is often assumed, is not secured.35 Occasionally, circular well shafts are also available, as for example at the Great Propylon of Epidauros36 or to the left of the propylon in the sanctuaryofDemeter inPergamon.37 All these structures are located in a prominent position in front of or behind the propylon ornearacentralstairway.Normally, thiscreatesafreespace infrontof thebasin,whichensures visibility and usability. However, this visibility was quite rarely emphasized by architectural means. Significantly,manyothermonumental sources, suchas thespringofCastalia inDelphi38or theso-calledMinoiaFountainonDelos,39areplacedoutside theactualsanctuary’sareaatsome distance to theentrance. InEpidauros, thequitemonumentalwater installations40were located inaseparate, remotearea inside the temenos. The fact that theywerenotunderstoodaspartof themonumental core of the sanctuary is evident not only by their orientation, but also by the fact that thearea is closedoff from temple, altar or tholosbydense rowsof votivemonuments. A special casewithout direct parallels is therefore the large fountainhousewith exedra in thesanctuaryofPoseidonandAmphitriteonTinos. Itselaboratedfaçadeisorientedtowardsthe temple, so that it canbe regardedasan importantpart of themonumental sanctuary, although it is placed at a distance of 27m from the temple. It may not be a coincidence that such a 35 Bohtz 1981, 15f. pl.43, 1;Dorl-Klingenschmid 2001, 222no.77. 36 Seebelow,n.73. 37 Bohtz 1981, 15 pls.6, 2. 43. 38 Glaser 1983, 97f. no.68 figs. 182–185. 191; 101–105no.71 figs. 192–196. 39 Courby 1912, 103–119 figs. 134–155;Glaser 1983, 15f. no.8 figs. 23–29;Bruneau–Ducat 2005, 196no.30. Itmay be possible to add a further fountain in the southeast area outside the sanctuary of Thermos, which has not yet been published in detail, so that no reliable information canbe given about the possible layout: Sotiriades 1902, 49–51;Glaser 1983, 123no.95; Papapostolou 2014, 184 fig. 112. 40 Roux 1961, 286–291 figs. 83–86pls.82.83;Glaser 1983, 44f. no.35 figs. 85–87; 62f. no.46; figs. 115–117.