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376 Matthew Rampley This was a familiar rhetorical ploy ; to advance larger political claims in the guise of arguments over cultural affiliation, and Eitelberger would later do the same with Dal- matia. Yet it is not improbable to assume that in the case of Hungary this move was in- formed by his personal acquaintance with Henszlmann and others, who were members of the same social and civilizational order that transcended the ethnic and linguistic differences of the Empire. Eitelberger’s report was thus not a championing of Hungary, even if his 1848 articles for the Wiener Zeitung expressed sympathy for the aspirations of the differing ethnic groups of the Habsburg state. Indeed, he was later critical of Hungarian rule in Dalmatia. Its policy of Magyarisation was counter-productive, he argued, for it led to resentment among local Croats and Serbs and encouraged them to turn to Russia as their would-be protector.36 Eitelberger was thus concerned with the integrity of Austria-Hungary, and the aim of the Report was to promote that sense of unity by enhancing knowledge of the Empire’s lands. A similar tactic would be em- ployed 30  years later by Crown Prince Rudolph when he sponsored the multi-volume Österreich-Ungarn in Wort und Bild or Kronprinzenwerk as it was known as, on the basis of the idea that increased mutual understanding of the various peoples of the Empire would create a sense of shared identity and community.37 Liberalism and the Question of National Identities Shortly after the opening of the new building of the Museum of Art and Industry on the Ringstraße in November 1871, Eitelberger delivered a lecture titled Die Kunstbestrebun- gen Oesterreichs (Austria’s Artistic Aspirations).38 In keeping with the nature of the event, 36 R. Eitelberger von Edelberg, Die mittelalterlichen Kunstdenkmale Dalmatiens in Arbe, Zara, Nona, Sebenico, Traù, Spalato und Ragusa (Gesammelte kunsthistorische Schriften von Rudolf Ei- telberger von Edelberg, vol.  4), Vienna 1884, p.  11. First published in 1861, it was only in the second edition that Eitelberger voiced this criticism. 37 As Rudolph noted : “Durch den wachsenden Einblick in die Vorzüge und Eigenthümlichkeiten der einzelnen ethnographischen Gruppen und ihre gegenseitige und materielle Abhängigkeit von einander muß das Gefühl der Solidarität, welches alle Völker unseres Vaterlandes verbinden soll, wesentlich gekräftigt werden” [Growing insight into the preferences and peculiarities of individual eth- nographic groups and their mutual and material dependence should fundamentally strengthen the feeling of solidarity that binds all the peoples of our fatherland]. Crown Prince Rudolf, “Einleitung”, in : Ös- terreich-Ungarn in Wort und Bild : Übersichtsband, 1. Abteilung : Naturgeschichtlicher Teil, vol.  2, Vienna 1886, pp.  3 f. 38 R. Eitelberger von Edelberg, Die Kunstbestrebungen Oesterreichs zur Zeit der Eröffnung des neuen Museums-Gebäudes (Vortrag, gehalten am 23. November 1871), in : idem, Gesammelte kunsthistorische Schriften, vol.  2 (cit. n.  4), pp.  171–203. Open Access © 2019 by BÖHLAU VERLAG GMBH & CO.KG, WIEN