Page - 45 - in Clean Water Using Solar and Wind - Outside the Power Grid

Part II Water Technologies Water operations need energy. The whole water cycle of water pumping and transport, treatment, consumption and collection and treatment of used water depends on energy. Therefore, the availability of local electrical energy is crucial in order to obtain clean water. Moreover, energy is essential to use water wisely and to reuse it whenever possible. Pumping is part of many water operations and is the prerequisite for water transport. The energy aspects of pumping are discussed in Chapter 4. Different uses of surface water or groundwater require different water quality: water for irrigation can mostly be of lower quality than drinking water; grey water from washing can be reused for other purposes. Various water treatment methods are briefly described in Chapter 5. Electrical energy is not always required to obtain drinking water: solar still distillation is discussed in Chapter 6 and is a cheap and well-proven traditional method for obtaining fresh water. Used water must be treated and some traditional treatment technologies are described briefly in Chapter 7. The focus is on the energy requirement for the various technologies. Downloaded from https://iwaponline.com/ebooks/book-pdf/520710/wio9781780409443.pdf by IWA Publishing user