Page - 120 - in Clean Water Using Solar and Wind - Outside the Power Grid

120 Clean Water Using Solar and Wind: Outside the Power Grid It is obvious that some energy storage is required to compensate for the mismatch between production and consumption. To deliver the power via storage will always reduce the efficiency of the system. Naturally storage adds cost to the system as well. The simplest load profile is a constant load over time. However, most load profiles follow the daily living pattern. To estimate the load profile several factors ought to be considered: • The day of the week, • The hour of the day, • The outside temperature, • The season, • The service demands. Considering the load profile on a household or village level in a rural area in Africa or developing Asia will emphasise special needs. Figure 10.1 illustrates a typical daily load profile for households in rural areas. Similar load profiles from Zimbabwe and Uganda are published by Prinsloo et  al. (2016, Figure 3). Note that the high load peak in the morning is just around sunrise and the evening peak is after sunset. Power Time of day 0 6 12 18 24 Figure 10.1 Typical household electric load profile in rural areas. Adopted from IEA (2013) and Prinsloo et al. (2016). Energy storage is required to compensate for the mismatch between production and consumption. Downloaded from https://iwaponline.com/ebooks/book-pdf/520710/wio9781780409443.pdf by IWA Publishing user