Page - 181 - in Clean Water Using Solar and Wind - Outside the Power Grid

Glossary 181 Distributed generation: a small-scale power generation technology that provides electric power at a site closer to customers than central power plant generation. Distributed renewable energy: energy system where generation and distribution occur independently from a centralised network. The system is close to the point of consumption. Efficiency: the ratio obtained by dividing the actual power or energy by the theoretical power or energy. Energy capacity: the amount of energy that can be stored and recovered from a storage device, expressed in joules or kWh. Fossil fuel: fuels such as coal, crude oil or natural gas, formed from remains of plants and animals. Fouling: the process of becoming dusty or clogged, for example, in  which undesirable foreign matter accumulates in a bed of filter or ion exchanger media, clogging pores and coating surfaces, thus  inhibiting or delaying proper bed operation. The fouling of a heat-exchanger consists of the accumulation of dirt or other materials on its wall, causing corrosion and roughness and ultimately leading to a lowered rate of efficiency. Fresh water: water with less than 1,000–2,000 parts per million (ppm) of dissolved salts. Generator: device that converts the rotational energy from a turbine to electric energy. Greywater: domestic used water from kitchen, bathroom and laundry sinks, tubs and washers. Compare blackwater. Groundwater: water that is below the land surface in pores or crevices of soil, sand and rock, contained in an aquifer. If the groundwater has a negligible rate of natural recharge on a human timescale it is often called fossil or non-renewable water. Hydropower: the harnessing of flowing water – using a dam or other type of diversion structure – to create energy that can be captured via a turbine to generate electricity. Large hydropower is typically Downloaded from https://iwaponline.com/ebooks/book-pdf/520710/wio9781780409443.pdf by IWA Publishing user