Page - 152 - in The Vienna Genesis - Material analysis and conservation of a Late Antique illuminated manuscript on purple parchment

152 The silver inks of the Vienna Genesis 1. The silver ink contained copper and additionally chlorine compounds. 2. The manuscript was exposed to high humidity or even liquid water. External chlorine compounds, which were transported by water or other sources, affected ink and parch- ment. In its current aged and altered condition, it is not possible to identify all components of the original ink. Therefore, the deterioration process cannot be completely reconstructed and explained. In the alteration study, the effects of copper and chlorine containing com- pounds as well as of parchment glue containing acidic acid have been further investigated. Literature Ager F.J., A.I. Moreno-Suarez, S. Scrivano, I. Ortega-Feliu, B. Gomez-Tubio, and M.A. Respaldiza. 2013. Silver surface enrichment in ancient coins studied by micro-PIXE. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B 306: 241–244. Beck L., S. Bosonnet, S. Reveillon, D. Eliot, and F. Pilon. 2004. Silver surface enrichment of silver-copper alloys: a limitation for the analysis of ancient silver coins by surface techniques. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B 226: 153–162. Borges R., L. Alves, R.J.C. Silva, M.F. Araujo, A. Candeias, V. Corregidor, P. Valerio, and P. Barrulas. 2017. Investigation of surface silver enrichment in ancient high silver alloys by PIXE, EDXRF, LA-ICP-MS and SEM-EDS. Microchemical Journal 131: 103–111. Bragg W.H., and W.L. Bragg. 1913. The reflection of X-rays by crystals. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences A: 428–438, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1913.0040 (accessed 6 February 2020) Degen T., M. Sadki, E. Bron, U. König, and G. Nénert. 2014. Powder Diffraction. The HighScore suite 29, Supplement S2: 13–18. Diringer, D. 1982. The Book before Printing. Ancient, Medieval and Oriental. New York: Dover Publications. Gastgeber C., Hofmann C., Zimmermann B. 2019. Die Wiener Genesis. Kommentar zur Faksimile-Edition. Luzern: Quaternion Verlag. Hofmann C., A. Hartl, K. Ahn, I. Faerber, U. Henniges, and A. Potthast. 2015. Studies on the Conservation of Verdigris on Paper. Restaurator 36(2): 147–182. Klockenkamper R., H. Bubert, and K. Hasler. 1999. Detection of near-surface silver en- richment on Roman imperial silver coins by x-ray spectral analysis. Archaeometry 41: 311–320. Malissa, A. 2017. Preliminary studies for the conservation of the Vienna Genesis: Material analysis of the parchment, the ink and the miniature paintings in direct comparison Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY 4.0