Page - 238 - in The Vienna Genesis - Material analysis and conservation of a Late Antique illuminated manuscript on purple parchment

238 The miniatures of the Vienna Genesis: colour identification and painters’ palettes be a mixture of indigo and orpiment (Fig. 43). Shades and contours were applied in carbon black. In continuity, painter G used red lead as red pigment. Shades were applied with red ochre sometimes mixed with carbon black. Artist G painted three to four well-defined shades in red areas. Pink is a mixture of madder with lead white. The painter added ultra- marine/azurite to achieve old-rose hues in the sky and the background. Violet colours were mixed with ultramarine/azurite, madder and lead white. Painter G continues to use ochre as brown pigment. He painted light brown areas with yellow ochre. Highlights were set with lead white. Shades seem to be painted with brown ochre and sometimes with a reddish brown earth pigment. Dark brown areas appear to be mixtures of yellow and brown ochre, dark shades mixtures of brown ochre, a reddish brown earth pigment and carbon black. The use of earth pigments and lead white is con- firmed by XRF, yellow and red ochres by FORS. Fig. 43: Miniature on folio 24, page 47, Jacob and his sons. Fig. 44: Microscopic image, 10x magnification, of blue paint on folio 23, page 46. Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY 4.0