Page - (000004) - in Water, Energy, and Environment - A Primer

Publishedby IWAPublishing AllianceHouse 12CaxtonStreet LondonSW1H0QS,UK Telephone:+44 (0)2076545500 Fax:+44 (0)2076545555 Email: publications@iwap.co.uk Web:www.iwapublishing.com First published2019 ©2019 IWAPublishing Apart fromanyfairdealingfor thepurposesofresearchorprivatestudy,orcriticism or review,aspermittedunder theUKCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct (1998), no part of this publicationmay be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by anymeans, without the prior permission in writing of the publisher, or, in the case of photographic reproduction, in accordancewith the terms of licenses issued by theCopyright Licensing Agency in theUK, or in accordancewith the terms of licenses issued by the appropriate reproduction rights organization outside theUK.Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the termsstatedhere shouldbesent to IWAPublishingat theaddressprintedabove. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibilityor liability for errorsoromissions thatmaybemade. Disclaimer The information provided and the opinions given in this publication are not necessarily those of IWA and should not be acted upon without independent consideration andprofessional advice. IWAand theEditors andAuthorswill not accept responsibility for any loss or damage suffered by any person acting or refraining fromactinguponanymaterial contained in thispublication. BritishLibraryCataloguing inPublicationData ACIPcatalogue record for thisbook isavailable from theBritishLibrary ISBN:9781780409641 (print) ISBN:9781780409658 (eBook) ISBN:9781780409665 (ePub) ThiseBookwasmadeOpenAccess inJanuary2019 ©2019TheAuthor ThisisanOpenAccessBookdistributedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommons AttributionLicence (CCBY-NC-ND4.0),whichpermits copyingand redistribution for noncommercial purposes with no derivatives, provided the original work is properly cited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). This does notaffect the rights licensedorassigned fromany thirdparty in thisbook.