Page - 40 - in Water, Energy, and Environment - A Primer

I ask each of you to take an important action on behalf of our nation. I ask you to drive 15 miles a week fewer than you do now. One way to do this is not to drive your own car to work every day. At least once a week take the bus, go by carpool or, if you work close to home, walk.’ Unfortunately, this speech came to be regarded as a request ‘to dowithout’ and conservation, for some, took on a negative connotation. In the following years, costs of imported oil dropped dramatically, until in the mid-1980s the price of an imported barrel of oil went below $10 a barrel. It would be severalmore years before energy issues againbegan to capture public attention. 5.5.1 Energydemand An important starting point is: how is energy consumed by end-use sectors? Categories for this consumption vary among analysts, but a common categorization is buildings (residential and commercial), industry (manufacturing, mining, construction, power), and transportation (road, air, water, rail). Another categorization, utilized by BP in its ‘BP Energy Outlook – 2018 edition’ (23), uses the terms transport, buildings, industry, and non-combusted, where ‘industry’ excludes non-combusted use of fuel, usually as a feedstock in production of petrochemicals (see Figure 5.1, and note that the data is presented as billions of tons oil equivalent (btoe), where onebtoe equals 39.7 quads). The figure shows that, today, industry (if one includes non- combusted) accounts for just over half of total global consumption, buildings account for just under 30%, and transportation accounts for about 21%.TheExecutiveSummary of thisBP report also includes the following statements: • In the Evolving Transition scenario [one of several scenarios examined by BP and the one selected for discussion ‘for ease of explanation’], world GDP more than doubles by 2040, driven by increasing prosperity in Water,Energy, andEnvironment–APrimer40