Seite - 72 - in Freshwater Microplastics - Emerging Environmental Contaminants?
Bild der Seite - 72 -
Text der Seite - 72 -
In2014, a total of91millionmetric tonsof textilefiberswereproduced [15],of
which63millionmetric tonswereman-madefibersand58millionmetric tonswere
plastic fibers ( 20%of theworld’s plastic production).
3 SourceandFate ofMicroplastics on theParisMegacity
3.1 Overviewof theApproach
Between2014and2016, an investigationof several sources andfluxesofMPshas
been carried out on the Paris Megacity. The following sources have been
investigated:
1. Atmospheric fallout
2. Runoffwater
3. Graywater
4. Wastewater andWWTPoutlets
5. Combined sewer overflows (CSOs)
AmapofParisMegacity aswell as the locationof thevarious sampling sites is
presented (Fig.1).Moredetailson themethodologyand theapproachcanbefound
inDris [16–18].
One of the challenges of a holistic study is that the different sample typeswill
require different samplingmethods. For instance, atmospheric fallout requires the
useof a funnel for sampling,while automatic samplers includingpumpingdevices
areneededfor the inaccessiblecanalsofwastewaterandCSOs.Theotherdifficulty
forsuchasystemicapproachis theinterpretationandcomparisonof theresults.The
atmospheric fallout is intrinsically expressed differently than the other compart-
ments (fibers per surface and timeunit rather than a concentration).Moreover, the
interpretation has to take into consideration the time and space scale differences
among the compartments. For instance, atmospheric fallout is a diffusive perma-
nent source, whereasWWTP outlets represent a punctual but permanent source,
whileCSOsare punctual in timeand space.Thebestway towork around this and
be able to understand the sources of MPs is to consider the fluxes between the
various compartments, for instance, on an annual basis. In this chapter, a first
attempt to describe this approach is presented (Table 1).
3.2 MicroplasticsEncountered in theDifferent
Compartments
The various concentrations of fibers and fragments encountered in each compart-
mentaresynthetizedinFig.2.Thetotalatmospheric falloutwas investigatedat two
72 R.Dris et al.
Freshwater Microplastics
Emerging Environmental Contaminants?
- Titel
- Freshwater Microplastics
- Untertitel
- Emerging Environmental Contaminants?
- Autoren
- Martin Wagner
- Scott Lambert
- Verlag
- Springer Open
- Datum
- 2018
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- CC BY 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-319-61615-5
- Abmessungen
- 15.5 x 24.1 cm
- Seiten
- 316
- Kategorien
- Naturwissenschaften Chemie