Seite - 105 - in Freshwater Microplastics - Emerging Environmental Contaminants?

Table 1 Major African freshwater bodies, their characteristics, and neighboring urban centers (>0.3million people)with estimated populations (in 2020). (a)Major rivers depicted on Fig. 1 (numbered 1–6) are described by the location of river mouth, length, and average discharge. (b)Major lakesdepictedonFig.1(letteredA-F)aredescribedbythecounties in thebasin, surface area andwater volume River(a) Flows through Length (km) Average discharge (m3/s) Major urban centers and estimatedpopulation size in 2020 (million)a 1 Nile Egypt, Sudan, South Sudan,Uganda 6,853 2,830 Cairo (20.57),Alexandria (5.23),Aswan (0.34) (all Egypt);Khartoum(5.91) (Sudan); Juba (0.40) (South Sudan) 2 Niger Guinea,Mali,Niger, Benin,Nigeria 4,180 5,589 Bamako (3.27) (Mali); Niamey (1.32) (Niger); Lokoja (0.66) (Nigeria) 3 Congo DRCongo,Congo 4,700 41,000 Kinshasa (14.12), Kisangani (1.25),Mban- daka (0.44) (allDRCongo); Brazzaville (2.21) (Congo) 4 Zambezi Angola,Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique 2,574 3,400 Nourban centers>0.3m people 5 Limpopo SouthAfrica, Botswana,Zimbabwe, Mozambique 1,750 170 Nourban centers>0.3m people 6 Orange SouthAfrica 2,200 365 Nourban centers>0.3m people Lakes(b) Basin countries Surface area (km2) Water volume (km3) Major urban centers and estimatedpopulation size in 2020 (million)a A Nasser Egypt, Sudan 5,250 132 Aswan (0.34) (Egypt) B Chad Chad,Cameroon, Niger,Nigeria 1,350 72 N’Djame´na (1.54) (Chad) C Turkana Kenya,Ethiopia 6,405 203.6 Nourban centers>0.3m people D Victoria Tanzania,Uganda, Kenya 68,800 2,750 Kampala (2.39) (Uganda); Mwanza (1.12) (Tanzania) E Tanganyika Burundi,DRCongo, Tanzania, Zambia 32,900 18,900 Bujumbura (1.01) (Burundi);Uriva (0.57) (DRCongo) F Malawi Malawi,Mozam- bique,Tanzania 29,600 8,400 Nourban centers>0.3m people aSource:UnitedNations,DepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs,PopulationDivision(2014) [18] Microplastics in InlandAfricanWaters: Presence, Sources, andFate 105