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An example of a large retail store taking up waste reduction strategies is the
Amazon.com, Inc., with its program“Frustration-Free Packaging,”which aims to
reduce packaging volume and complexity. The company claims to have saved
11,000 tons of packaging during 5 years, including reductions of styrofoam and
thin plastic films [109].
Possibly the most established way of avoiding excessive waste and saving
valuable resources is in the formofcontainerdeposit fees, especially forbeverages
(Fig.3b).Thishasbeenshownashighlyeffective to reduce theamountofwaste in
the environment with return rates as high as 90% and higher in Sweden and
Germany for several materials commonly used in beverage production (metal,
glass, plastic) [110,111].Deposit return strategies aremoreefficient thancurbside
recycling programs [112], largely because of themonetary incentive for recovery
(“One man’s trash is another man’s treasure”). For example, the “Pfand geh€ort
daneben” campaign in Germany (“Deposit bottles belong next to it [the garbage
bin]”)encourages thepublic to leaveunwanteddeposit returnbottlesaccessible for
easy pick up by private waste collectors and not trashing them in a garbage bin
Fig.3 Initiatives to reduceor recuperatepackagingwaste. (a)¼“Unverpackt” store inGermany
wherecustomerscanbuyfoodinbulk,bringingtheirowncontainers.©MartinThiel.(b)¼Reverse
vendingmachines accepting glass andplastic bottles and aluminumcans in a supermarket in the
United States.©AlexKirsch. (c)¼Advertisement of the “Pfand geh€ort daneben”-campaign in
Germany, advocating to leave deposit return bottles inGermanynext to the garbagebin in order
foreasypickup©Pfandgeh€ortdaneben2016. (d)¼“Feria libre” inChile, allowingcustomers to
buyvegetables and fruits in bulk (public domain, JorgeValde´sR. Joval)
Microplastic:WhatAre theSolutions? 291
Freshwater Microplastics
Emerging Environmental Contaminants?
- Titel
- Freshwater Microplastics
- Untertitel
- Emerging Environmental Contaminants?
- Autoren
- Martin Wagner
- Scott Lambert
- Verlag
- Springer Open
- Datum
- 2018
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- CC BY 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-319-61615-5
- Abmessungen
- 15.5 x 24.1 cm
- Seiten
- 316
- Kategorien
- Naturwissenschaften Chemie