Seite - 18 - in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

The excavator is a type of construction machinery with a larger weight and higher energy consumption [107]. A hybrid excavator can typically recycle two energy types, including the braking kinetic energy of the swing and the gravitational potential energy of the booms. In the recent literature, excavators present a wide combination of series, parallel, or series-parallel hybrid architectures. The change in configuration and the additional costs of electrical com- ponents make the commercialization of hybrid configurations difficult. Figure 12 shows the Figure 7. Parallel hybrid configuration of the Volvo L220F hybrid [116]. Figure 8. Parallel hybrid configuration with super-capacitors, as applied by Liugong [118]. Hybrid Electric Vehicles18